台湾地区特殊教育专业发展与前瞻  

Critical Issues of Professional Development in Special Education in Taiwan

作　　者：吴武典 WU Wutien(College of Educational Sciences,Lingnan Normal University Zhanjiang Guangdong 524048;Department of Special Education,Taiwan Normal University Taipei 10610)

机构地区：[1]岭南师范学院教育科学学院 [2]台湾师范大学特殊教育学系

出　　处：《现代特殊教育》2019年第22期3-12,43,共11页Modern Special Education

摘　　要：台湾地区有13所高校设立特殊教育系,是该地区特殊教育师资的主要来源。2018学年度台湾地区特教教师总数为14392人(占教师总数的6%),其中约88%服务于身心障碍学生,12%服务于资赋优异学生。障碍类合格特教教师比率达89%,资优类比率则仅为38%。依台湾地区现行规定,特教教师师资职前教育课程至少应修40学分,其中包括10学分的一般教育专业课程,10学分的特殊教育共同专业课程,20学分的特殊教育分组专业课程(障碍组或资优组)。修完40学分职前教育课程并完成半年的教育实习后,经教师资格检定考试,才能取得合格教师证书,凭以应征教职。惟自2021年起,情况将略有改变,职前教育课程将提高为48学分,且须先通过教师资格检定考试才能进行教育实习。纵观台湾地区特殊教育师资的发展脉络,在形式上是由不合格走向合格,在实质上是由合格走向优质,而专业化的师资是优质的保证。在政策与实务上,强调标准本位、专业素养的培养制度,以培养专业化的优质师资。Special education teachers are mainly cultivated by 13 universities with department of special education in Taiwan.According to 2018 educational statistics,there are 14,392 K-12 special education teachers,accounted for 6%of total teacher population.Among them,88%are working for students with disabilities and 12%are for the gifted.The former are mostly qualified special education teachers,accounted for 89%,while the latter only reach to 38%.According to current regulations,to be a qualified special education teacher,at least 40 credit-hour courses of pre-service education are required.Among the courses,10 credit-hours courses are basic professional ones for all kinds of teachers,10 are common ones for all special education teachers,and 20 refer to education for the disabled or the gifted,respectively.A certification is given to those who complete required pre-service education,half a year practicum,and pass the qualification examination.Then he/she is eligible to apply for a teaching job.However,according to the new regulation after 2021,the required pre-service education courses will increase to 48 credit-hours and the practicum will be proceeded after qualification examination.In summary,the development of teacher education in special education in Taiwan could be characterized as moving toward certification formally and qualification essentially.To ensure a quality teacher,a standards-based teacher education policy as well as the professional competency development practices are emphasized in Taiwan for the time being.

关 键 词：特殊教育师资 职前教育 身心障碍 资赋优异 标准本位 专业素养 

分 类 号：G760[文化科学—特殊教育学]