PISA对学生幸福感的测评及其启示  

PISA Measuring Students’Well-Being and Its Implications

作　　者：张亚星[1] 高倩倩 赵茜 ZHANG Yaxing;GAO Qianqian;ZHAO Qian(Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心,北京100875

出　　处：《中国考试》2020年第5期19-29,共11页journal of China Examinations

基　　金：北京师范大学教育学部2019年度学科建设综合专项“基于儿童非认知能力培养的教师效能评价与干预研究”(2019QNJS004)。

摘　　要：幸福感对学生身心健康和学业发展具有重要影响。PISA2015首次对学生幸福感进行测评,PISA2018在此基础上构建了更全面的测评体系。通过对比分析PISA2015和PISA2018学生幸福感的概念界定、测评框架、试题设计、测评实施和数据结果,可以看出PISA2018学生幸福感的测评框架内容更丰富,试题涵盖范围更广泛,并设计单独的学生幸福感问卷。PISA数据分析结果显示,我国学生的总体生活满意度在PISA2015中低于OECD平均水平,在PISA2018中高于OECD平均水平;学校归属感在2次测试中都低于OECD平均水平;我国学生受到校园欺凌的程度在PISA2015中高于OECD平均水平,在PISA2018中低于OECD平均水平;在PISA2018测试中,我国学生的积极情感和消极情绪均高于OECD平均水平,自我效能感总体水平低于OECD平均水平,失败恐惧感略高于OECD平均水平。基于此,我国应构建学生幸福感的全面测评框架和多元化测评方法,提升学生的学校归属感和自我信念,缓解学生的消极情绪。Well-being has a significant impact on students’physical and mental health and academic development.PISA 2015 first implemented the assessment of students’well-being,and PISA 2018 further established a more comprehensive assessment system.This study comparatively analyzes PISA 2015 and PISA 2018 students’wellbeing on concept definition,assessment framework,assessment design,assessment implementation,and data results.It can be seen that PISA 2018 designs students’well-being with a more comprehensive assessment framework,more wider range of questions,and contains an independent questionnaire of students’well-being.PISA data analysis results show that the overall life satisfaction of Chinese students in PISA 2015 is lower than the OECD average level,but higher than the OECD average level in PISA 2018;students’sense of school belonging in PISA2015 and PISA2018 are both lower than the OECD average level;the degree of school bullying of Chinese students in PISA 2015 is higher than the OECD average level,but lower than the OECD average level in PISA 2018.In PISA 2018 assessment,the positive and negative emotions of Chinese students are both higher than the OECD average level,the overall level of self-efficacy is lower than the OECD average level,and the fear of failure is slightly higher than the OECD average level.Based on this,China should establish a comprehensive assessment framework and diverse assessment methods for students’well-being,improve students’sense of school belonging and self-belief,and alleviate their negative emotions.

关 键 词：PISA 学生幸福感 幸福感测评 校园欺凌 

分 类 号：G405[文化科学—教育学原理]