地铁线路轨距对轮轨接触行为的影响  

Influence of rail gauge on wheel-rail contact behavior of metro line

作　　者：陈嵘[1,2] 温静[1,2] 于浩 安博洋[1,2] 徐井芒 王平[1,2] CHEN Rong;WEN Jing;YU Hao;AN Boyang;XU Jingmang;WANG Ping(Key Laboratory of High-speed Railway Engineering of Ministry of Education,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China;School of Civil Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学高速铁路线路工程教育部重点实验室,四川成都610031 [2]西南交通大学土木工程学院,四川成都610031

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第3期824-831,共8页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB1201102);国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1734207,51778542);中国中铁股份有限公司科技开发计划课题(2017-重点-7)。

摘　　要：为揭示地铁线路轨距对轮轨接触特性的影响,基于轮轨接触几何关系、Kalker三维非Hertz弹性体滚动接触理论及其数值程序CONTACT,利用我国地铁车辆常用的LM型面与CHN60钢轨,计算轨距对轮轨接触几何参数和力学特性的影响。研究结果表明:轨距加宽引起相同横移量下轮轨接触点偏向钢轨中心位置;轮轨接触滚动圆半径和接触角减小,增大了滚动圆半径和接触角剧增的横移量,导致轮缘不易产生贴靠;与标准轨距相比,轨距变窄引起轮轨接触斑横向分布变窄,纵向分布变宽,接触斑面积减小;轨距加宽至1437 mm后接触斑开始出现黏着区,加宽至1439 mm时接触斑内黏着区面积显著增大,其接触斑面积增大77%,减小轮轨的滑动行为;轨距在1433~1439 mm之间变化,轮轨接触斑内正应力和切应力显著降低,轮轨体内最大等效应力显著减小,且等效应力沿纵向分布范围变宽,沿深度方向影响范围增大,可避免等效应力的集中作用。轨距加宽有利于地铁线路轮轨关系的匹配,减轻轮轨间的磨耗和疲劳伤损。In order to reveal the influence of rail gauge on wheel-rail contact characteristics,based on the wheelrail contact geometry relationship,Kalker three-dimensional non-Hertzian rolling contact theory and its numerical program CONTACT,the profile of LM and CHN60 commonly used in metro vehicles in China was used.The effects of rail gauge on wheel-rail contact geometry parameters and wheel-rail contact mechanical properties were calculated.The results show that widening gauge leads to the wheel-rail contact point closer to the center of rail,reduces the rolling circle radius and contact angle of wheel-rail contact,increases the transverse displacement due to the sharp increase of radius and contact angle,and makes the rim not easy to be attached.Compared with the standard gauge,the lateral distribution of wheel-rail contact spot is narrower,the longitudinal distribution is wider and the contact area is reduced when the gauge is narrowed.When the gauge is widened to 1437 mm,the adhesive area begins to appear in the contact spot.When the gauge is widened to 1439 mm,the adhesive area in the contact spot increases significantly,and the contact spot area increases by 77%,reducing the sliding behavior of the wheel and rail.When the gauge changes from 1433 to 1439 mm,the normal stress and shear stress in the wheel-rail contact decrease significantly,and the maximum equivalent stress in the wheel-rail body also decreases significantly.In addition,the distribution range of the equivalent stress along the longitudinal direction becomes wider,and the influence range along the depth direction increases,which can avoid the concentration of the equivalent stress.The widening of gauge is beneficial to the matching of wheel-rail relationship of the metro line and to reduce the wear and fatigue damage between wheel and rail.

关 键 词：地铁线路 轨距 轨距加宽 接触行为 力学特性 

分 类 号：U213.4[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]