不同地区淘汰母牦牛肉营养品质的比较分析  

Comparative Analysis on Nutrient Quality of Female Yak Eliminated from Different Areas

作　　者：徐焕 郝力壮[1] 刘书杰[1] 吴克选[1] 张晓卫[1] 牛建章[1] 多吉欧珠 XU Huan;HAO Li-zhuang;LIU Shu-jie;WU Ke-xuan;ZHANG Xiao-wei;NIU Jian-zhang;DUO JI Ou-zhu(Key Laboratory of Plateau Grazing Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Qinghai Province/State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai Plateau Yak Research Center,Academy of Science and Veterinary Medicine of Qinghai University,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Xigaze Yadong County Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Comprehensive Service Center,Yadong 857600,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学,青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室,省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,青海高原牦牛研究中心,青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,青海西宁810016 [2]西藏自治区日喀则市亚东县农牧综合服务中心,西藏亚东857600

出　　处：《食品工业科技》2020年第9期232-237,共6页Science and Technology of Food Industry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0500504);国家自然科学基金(31660673);中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养引进计划(1_7);青海省高原放牧家畜动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室奖励项目(14);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973前期项目)(2012CB722906);国家科技支撑计划(2009BAC61B03-1);三江源专项科研资金项目(2010-N-S05);青海省重大科技攻关项目(2005-SN-2)。

摘　　要：为比较不同地区淘汰母牦牛肉营养成分差异,以青海省河南县、青海省刚察县、新疆巴州、云南省迪庆县、四川省九龙县和四川红原县6个地区淘汰母牦牛的背最长肌为研究对象,对其营养品质进行了测定分析。利用主成分分析和聚类分析方法对数据进行分析,以发现各地区淘汰母牦牛肉之间的异同,为不同地区淘汰母牦牛肉的开发利用提供参考。结果表明:常规营养成分中,各地区除灰分不存在显著性差异外(P>0.05),其他指标均存在差异显著(P<0.05),其中,四川九龙县淘汰母牦牛的脂肪含量显著高于其他地区(P<0.05),青海河南县淘汰母牦牛的蛋白含量最高,为22.01%,而四川红原县淘汰母牦牛的胆固醇含量最低,仅82.65 mg/100 g;各地区饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量和总脂肪酸(TFA)含量差异不显著(P>0.05),云南迪庆和四川九龙县的淘汰母牦牛肉中单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)总量显著高于其他地区(P<0.05),青海河南县和青海刚察县两个地区的多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量极显著高于其他地区(P<0.01);除必需氨基酸/总氨基酸(EAA/TAA)不存在显著性差异以外(P>0.05),其他氨基酸均差异显著(P<0.05);主成分分析和因子分析得出胆固醇、MUFA、必需氨基酸(EAA)、EAA/TAA、必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸(EAA/NEAA)五个指标对淘汰母牦牛肉营养品质的方差贡献较大;6个地区的淘汰母牦牛肉按营养成分可大致分为三类,其中,第一类包含青海省河南县和青海省刚察县两个地区,第二类为新疆巴州、四川九龙县和四川红原县,第三类则是云南迪庆。第一类地区淘汰牦牛的脂肪含量较低,MUFA、EAA/TAA、EAA/NEAA均低于其他地区;第二类地区的氨基酸比例适宜,且脂肪酸、胆固醇含量适中;第三类地区的脂肪含量较高,MUFA含量最丰富,且胆固醇含量最高。In order to compare the nutritional composition difference of the female yak eliminated in different areas,the nutritional quality of the Longissimus dorsi of eliminated female yak meat in 6 areas,including Henan county,Gangcha county,Bazhou county,Diqing county,Jiulong county and Hongyuan county were analyzed.Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used for finding out the similarities and differences from different areas of female yak eliminated.The results demostrated that:In terms of proximate nutrients,there was no significant difference in different regions on ash(P>0.05),other indexes showed significant difference(P<0.05),among them,the fat content of the female yak eliminated in Jiulong county was significantly higher than that in other regions(P<0.05),the protein content of the female yak eliminated in Henan county was the highest,at 22.01%,while the cholesterol content of the female yak eliminated in Hongyuan county was the lowest,at only 82.65 mg/100 g;there was no significant difference between saturated fatty acid and total fatty acid(P>0.05),MUFA of the female yak eliminated in Diqing and Jiulong were significantly higher than that in other regions(P<0.05),the content of PUFA in Henan and Gangcha were significantly higher than other regions(P<0.01);EAA/TAA was no significant difference(P>0.05),while other amino acids were significantly different(P<0.05);the results of principal component analysis and factor analysis showed that cholesterol,MUFA,EAA,EAA/TAA and EAA/NEAA contributed significantly to the variance of nutritional quality of female yak meat;the eliminated female yak meat in 6 regions could be roughly divided into three categories according to the nutritional composition.Among them,the first category includes Henan county and Gangcha county,the second category is Bazhou county、Jiulong county and Hongyuan county,and the third category is Diqing county.In the first category,the fat content of the female yak eliminated was lower,and MUFA,EAA/TAA and EAA/NEAA were lower than o

关 键 词：不同地区 淘汰母牦牛 营养品质 主成分分析 聚类分析 

分 类 号：TS207.3[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]