茯砖茶中金花菌群的研究进展  

Development of Golden Flower Fungus Community in Fuzhuan Brick Tea:A Review

作　　者：吕嘉枥 杨柳青 孟雁南 Lü Jiali;YANG Liuqing;MENG Yannan(School of Food and Biological Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710021,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西科技大学食品与生物工程学院,陕西西安710021

出　　处：《食品科学》2020年第9期316-322,共7页Food Science

基　　金：陕西省重点研发计划项目(2019NY-123)。

摘　　要：茯砖茶由多种微生物发酵而成,属于我国特有的黑茶,其风味独特,长期饮用有益于人体健康。我国茯砖茶的主要产区有陕西、湖南、浙江、贵州等,不同产区茯砖茶中均有大量金花菌群的存在,但地域环境可影响茯砖茶金花菌群的组成,而金花菌群及其组成又与茯砖茶品质风味和功能活性息息相关,金花菌的数量也是茯砖茶品质检测的一项重要指标。目前对于金花菌群的分类鉴定大多是通过形态学或转录间隔区序列或18S rDNA等单一的方法,但每种方法都有不同的种属鉴定结果,存在较大差异,且只通过某一种鉴定方法可能会出现偏差。因此,茯砖茶中金花菌群的鉴定目前还存在较大争议,从而影响茯砖茶地标性产品的评判。本文对茯砖茶中优势菌群的研究现状、金花菌的分类鉴定现状进行综述,为茯砖茶中金花菌的鉴定、金花菌资源的开发和利用以及茯砖茶的标准化生产方面提供依据。Fuzhuan brick tea is fermented by a variety of microorganisms and belongs to the typical Chinese dark tea.It has a special flavor and long-term drinking is beneficial to human health.At present,the manufacturing areas of Fuzhuan brick tea in China mainly include Shaanxi,Hunan,Zhejiang and Guizhou provinces.There is a large number of"Golden Flower Fungi"in Fuzhuan brick tea from different manufacturing areas.The species composition of"Golden Flower Fungi"is closely related to the quality and functional activity of Fuzhuan brick tea,varying among different geographical regions.Meanwhile,the quantity of"Golden Flower Fungus"is also an important indicator of the quality of Fuzhuan brick tea.Currently,"Golden Flower Fungi"are identified mainly by a single method such as morphology,internal transcribed spacer or 18S rDNA,but each method gives different species identification results with a significant variance.Moreover,use of a single identification method may lead to deviation.Therefore,the identification of"Golden Flower Fungi"in Fuzhuan brick tea is still controversial,which affects the evaluation of landmark products of Fuzhuan brick tea.In this article,the current status of research on the dominant flora in Fuzhuan brick tea and the existing methods for the classification and identification of"Golden Flower Fungi"are reviewed,with the aim of providing the basis for the identification,exploitation and application of"Golden Flower Fungi"and for the standardized production of Fuzhuan brick tea.

关 键 词：茯砖茶 金花菌 散囊菌属 曲霉属 

分 类 号：TS201.3[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]