中小学教师性别结构“女性化”的现状、成因与对策  

On Present Situation,Causes and Countermeasures of “Feminization”Phenomenon of Primary and Secondary School Teachers

作　　者：敖俊梅[1] 林玲[1] AO Jun-mei;LIN Ling(School of Education,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学教育学院,北京100815

出　　处：《民族教育研究》2020年第2期54-62,共9页Journal of Research on Education for Ethnic Minorities

基　　金：教育部教师工作司课题“中小学教师队伍性别结构状况调查”(项目编号:2018JSSKT017)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本研究依据现有教师数据作为分析、评估的基础,选取北京、河南、安徽和福建四地,对我国中小学教师性别结构"女性化"现象的现状及成因开展实地调查。研究发现,中小学教师性别结构呈现女性教师比例整体持续增长的趋势,但在不同省份、城乡、学校类型、学段和学科等方面呈现一定差异;教师职业已形成一定的性别垂直隔离。这种变化源自"女进男退"的过程,是社会教育发展、教师职业性别标识化和教师职业吸引力下滑等因素综合作用下的结果。教师队伍的"女多男少"现象被"女性化"和被"问题化",是夫权意识形态下被构建起来的、具有预设价值判断的问题阈,具体表现为社会性别二元对立、教师职业简单性别气质类化和轻视女性教师专业性等。本研究据此提出满足儿童发展的多元需求、消解教师职业性别隔离、保障和完善学校教育丰富性的建议:(1)加大教师专业形象宣传,打破教师职业性别壁垒;(2)增强教师职业吸引力,提高教师社会地位与工资待遇;(3)提升师范生的性别素养,加大男性教师储备力量。The phenomenon of ‘feminization’of teachers in primary and secondary schools has attracted much social concern. In order to depict the detailed situation of the phenomenon and explain the root causes behind,this research,basing on the existed analysis and data,conducted field survey in Beijing,Henan,Anhui and Fujian. It is found that the gender structure of primary and secondary school teachers shows an overall trend of continuous growth in the proportion of female teachers,however,there are minor differences in regard to the different regions,school types,grades and disciplines. Teacher profession has formed a certain level of gender vertical separation,which is due to more female than male are joining the education sector,and the result of the compounded reasons including social education development,gender labeling for teacher as a profession and the declining popularity of the profession. The problem of the current situation is constructed under the mentality of husband’s power and preset value judgment. This paper tries to explore ways to regain popularity of teacher as a profession and ensure the forming up of diversified teaching staff so as to attain children’s healthy and sound development.

关 键 词：教师 性别结构 女性化 性别教育 

分 类 号：G650[文化科学—教育学] C913.14[经济管理]