日本保育政策改革的新进展:基于对《保育所保育指针》第四次修订的分析  

The New Process of Japan’s Childcare Policy Reform:A Focus on the Fourth Revision of Nurseries’ Childcare Guidelines

作　　者：何京玉 郭仁天 权赫虹 HE Jingyu;GUO Rentian;QUAN Hehong(Teachers College,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266000,China;College of Education and Music,Hezhou University,Hezhou 542800,China;Graduate School Education,Hiroshima University,Hiroshima 7398524,Japan)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学师范学院,山东青岛266000 [2]贺州学院教育与音乐学院,广西贺州542800 [3]广岛大学大学院,日本广岛7398524

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2020年第4期56-70,共15页Studies in Foreign Education

基　　金：山东省高等学校人文社会科学研究项目“农村学前教育质量评价与促进系统构建研究”(项目号:J12WH02);山东省教育科学“十三五”规划课题“基于CPRT指导策略的自闭症幼儿口语沟通干预研究”(课题批准号:YZ2019001)。

摘　　要：《保育所保育指针》是日本保育工作中必须遵循的重要法规。截止到2018年4月,日本对《保育所保育指针》已进行了四次修订,它的每一次修订都反映了所处历史时期日本保育政策改革的新方向。从历史的视角分析《保育所保育指针》四次修订过程,梳理五十年来日本保育政策改革的特点,特别是以第四次的修订内容为核心,考察日本保育政策改革的新进展,可以发现其特征主要包括:为保障全体幼儿入学前的基本素质,制定了幼儿期应培养的核心素质与能力的目标;启动0~3岁婴幼儿教育,实现0~6岁全程"幼小衔接"的教育变革;为全面提升社区婴幼儿的保教质量,发挥保育所在社区育儿中的支援功能;完善职员研修制度,促进保育士的专业化发展。The Nurseries’ Childcare Guidelines is an important legislation for childcare work in Japan. It has been revised 4 times till April,2018. Each revision reflects a new direction of Japan’s childcare policy reform respectively in each historical period. This paper analyzes the processes of the four revisionsfrom historical perspective,and sorts out the characteristics of Japan’s childcare policy reform over the past 50 years with a focus on the fourth revision. It examines the new development and characteristics of childcare policy reform in Japan,which include setting goals for cultivating the core literacy and competency of the children in nurseries to ensure the basic quality of all pre-school children;starting education for children aged 0-3 years old for implementing the education reform of linking up kindergartens and primary schools for all children aged 0-6 years old;making nurseries play supportive roles in childcare incommunities in order to improve comprehensively the education quality for children in communities;improving the staff training systemto promote the professionalization of childcare workers.

关 键 词：日本 保育所 《保育所保育指针》 保育 学前教育 

分 类 号：G619[文化科学—学前教育学] G313[文化科学—教育学]