基于主成分与聚类分析法的制备豆浆用大豆的品质指标综合评价  

Comprehensive Quality Evaluation of Soybean Varieties for Their Suitability for Soybean Milk Production Based on Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis

作　　者：李笑梅[1] 邢竺静 赵廉诚 石彦国[1] 陈璐 闫怡宏 张娜[1] LI Xiaomei;XING Zhujing;ZHAO Liancheng;SHI Yanguo;CHEN Lu;YAN Yihong;ZHANG Na(Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering of Heilongjiang Province,College of Food Engineering,Harbin University of Commerce,Harbin 150076,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨商业大学食品工程学院,黑龙江省食品科学与工程重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150076

出　　处：《食品科学》2020年第15期64-71,共8页Food Science

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划重点专项(2016YFD0400402);国家自然科学基金面上项目(31871747)。

摘　　要：为了获得专门用于制备豆浆的大豆品种,采用主成分因子分析与聚类分析方法对黑龙江地区29个大豆品种进行筛选。首先测定29种大豆理化指标(水分、脂肪、可溶性糖、蛋白质、钙、7S蛋白亚基、11S蛋白亚基质量分数及11S/7S)及其所制备豆浆的品质指标(蛋白质量分数、稳定性、豆浆得率、粒径、蛋白质转移率、感官评分);然后采集这些数据进行主成分因子分析,结果得到6个主成分(综合指标),其累计方差贡献率达84.97%,综合得分前三的品种为‘黑农85’、‘黑农66’和‘黑农71’,其综合得分显著高于其他品种(P<0.05);再经聚类分析可知:29种豆浆可分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类,每类所含品种分别为14、11、3、1种。主成分因子分析所筛选出的3个品种均在Ⅱ类中,该类豆浆具有蛋白质量分数、蛋白质转移率、感官评分高,豆浆得率中等的特点,符合豆浆类产品技术指标要求。综上,‘黑农85’、‘黑农66’和‘黑农71’可作为制备豆浆专用大豆品种;主成分与聚类分析方法非常适用于对多样品、多指标的筛选及综合评价。In order to obtain soybean varieties than can be specially used for soybean milk production,principal component analysis(PCA)and cluster analysis(CA)were used to screen 29 soybean varieties in Heilongjiang.Firstly,the physicochemical properties(contents of water,fat,soluble sugar,protein,calcium and protein subunit 7 S and 11 S,and 11 S/7 S ratio)of soybean and the quality indexes of soybean milk(protein content,stability,yield,particle size,protein transfer rate,and sensory score)were analyzed.Then,by analyzing the obtained data using PCA,the first six principal components(comprehensive evaluation indicators)were selected,explaining 84.97%of the total variance.The top three varieties with the highest comprehensive scores were‘Heinong 85’,‘Heinong 66’and‘Heinong 71’,whose comprehensive scores were significantly higher than those of other varieties(P<0.05).Finally,the results of cluster analysis showed that the 29 varieties of soybean milk were divided into categoriesⅠ,Ⅱ,ⅢandⅣ,consisting of 14,11,3 and 1 varieties,respectively.The three varieties selected by PCA were all in categoryⅡ,which had the characteristics of high protein content,protein transfer rate,and sensory score as well as medium soymilk yield,meeting the technical requirements of soymilk products.In conclusion,‘Heinong 85’,‘Heinong 66’and‘Heinong 71’can be specially used for soybean milk production,and PCA and CA are suitable for screening and comprehensive evaluation of multiple samples and multiple indicators.

关 键 词：豆浆 主成分分析 聚类分析 品质评价 

分 类 号：TS214.2[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]