董仲舒的人间观  

Dong Zhongshu’s View on the World

作　　者：孙兴彻 SUN Xingche(Ari College of Liberal Arts,Anyang University,Gyeonggi do 660-759,Korea)

机构地区：[1]韩国安养大学校教养大学,韩国京畿道660-759

出　　处：《衡水学院学报》2020年第6期16-22,共7页Journal of Hengshui University

摘　　要：董仲舒的人间观以“性三品说”“知识论”“教化论”为主要内容。他将“性”与“情”放在同等重要的层面,其人间观以“性情论”为核心。他以“天意”为中心来说明知识论的问题,认为人类获得知识的根据和知识对象都是由“天意”所决定的。普通百姓为了解天意,需要圣人的教化。代理天的圣人则是天子,如果天子否定或不实践“天意”,就会受到惩罚;反之,若实施善政,则受到奖赏。董仲舒通过强调可以进行赏罚的天意,试图建立对最高权力者进行牵制的政治机制。董仲舒以“天人感应说”与“大一统”的政治观相结合,重新确立了人间观。“The theory of three categories of human nature”,“the theory of knowledge”and“the theory of edification”are the main contents of Dong Zhongshu’s view on the world.He considered“nature”and“temperament”equally important and“the theory of nature and temperament”is the core of his view on the world.He explained the theory of knowledge by taking“the will of heaven”as the center,holding that both the basis and the object of humans obtaining knowledge were determined by“the will of heaven”.To understand the will of heaven,ordinary people needed to be edified by saints.The saint acting on behalf of heaven was the son of heaven.If the son of heaven denied or did not practice“the will of heaven”,he would be punished;on the contrary,if he implemented good governance,he would be rewarded.Dong Zhongshu tried to establish a political mechanism to contain the highest authority by emphasizing the will of heaven with rewards and punishments.He reestablished his view of the world by combining the theory of“the telepathy between heaven and man”with the political view of“grand unification”.

关 键 词：董仲舒 天人感应 性三品说 王道 教化论 人间观 知识论 

分 类 号：B234.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]