劳动凸显教育的存在论旨趣——读马克思《1844年经济学哲学手稿》  

The Ontology of Education Highlighted by Labor——A Study of the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844 by Carl Marx

作　　者：舒志定[1] Shu Zhiding(School of Teacher Education,Huzhou University,Huzhou 313000)

机构地区：[1]湖州师范学院教师教育学院,浙江湖州313000

出　　处：《教育研究》2020年第10期23-32,共10页Educational Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2018年度教育学一般课题“马克思政治哲学视域中的教育思想研究”(课题批准号:BAA180025)的研究成果。

摘　　要：精读马克思关于劳动及其劳动教育的重要论述,是全面、深刻把握劳动教育内涵与本质的极其重要课题。《1844年经济学哲学手稿》是马克思从劳动中发现人的存在秘密的重要著作。它提出了劳动是感性的、对象性活动的论断,批判了国民经济学关于劳动创造财富的观点,把劳动问题还原成人的问题,确定人是感性的、对象性活动中的关系存在、现实社会生活中的具体存在,凸显了存在论理解人的问题的思想方式。因此,从存在论原则高度理解劳动及劳动教育可以发现,劳动教育是为人的存在与发展建构社会机制,其意义在于确立了理解教育的新思路,统一了人的发展的理想性与现实性辩证关系,提供了破解学校育人难题的有效路径。An attentive reading of Carl Marx’s important expositions on labor and labor education helps us have a complete and penetrating understanding of the connotations and essence of labor education. According to the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844,an important work in which Marx discovered the secret of the existence of human beings from labor,labor was a perceptual activity. This exposition criticized the view of"labor creating wealth"according to national economics,restored the problem of labor to a problem of human beings,and clarified that human beings implied the relationships in perceptual and object-oriented activities,and the concrete existence of social life. This highlights the way of thinking that the problems of human beings can be understood based on ontology. Therefore,if we understand labor and labor education based on the principle of ontology,we can find that labor education helps build a social mechanism for human existence and development. This establishes a new way of thinking in understanding education,clarifies the dialectical relationship between ideal and realistic human development,and provides an effective way to solve the difficult problem of educating people in schools.

关 键 词：马克思教育学说 劳动 劳动教育 存在论 

分 类 号：G41[文化科学—教育学]