安徽省5种主产淡水虾中营养成分含量及评价  

Nutritional components of five main products of freshwater shrimp in Anhui Province

作　　者：崔杰[1] 孟灿[1] 刘柏林[1] 李卫东[1] Cui Jie;Meng Can;Liu Bolin;Li Weidong(Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hefei 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省疾病预防控制中心,合肥230601

出　　处：《卫生研究》2020年第6期962-968,共7页Journal of Hygiene Research

基　　金：国家卫生健康委员会食物成分监测项目。

摘　　要：目的分析和测定安徽省主产小龙虾、河虾、江虾、青虾和白米虾等5种淡水虾中主要营养成分并对其进行营养评价。方法采用相关生化分析方法测定虾肉中水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分、氨基酸、脂肪酸、维生素及矿物质含量。结果小龙虾、河虾、江虾、青虾和白米虾中粗蛋白含量为13.9~20.8 g/100 g可食部;粗脂肪含量为0.6~2.0 g/100 g可食部;灰分含量为1.5~4.1 g/100 g可食部;检出18种氨基酸,总量为11600~18600 mg/100 g可食部,其中含9种必需氨基酸,含量为5336~9342 mg/100 g可食部,5种虾中主要限制性氨基酸为蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸、苏氨酸和缬氨酸,小龙虾、河虾、江虾、青虾和白米虾中必需氨基酸指数分别为39.62、31.81、28.65、44.85和33.48;检出14种脂肪酸,总量为287~1851 mg/100 g可食部,其中单不饱和脂肪酸含量为12~234 mg/100 g可食部,多不饱和脂肪酸含量为164~377 mg/100 g可食部;检测出9种矿物质,其中常量元素5种,江虾、河虾和白米虾中钙含量较高,小龙虾和青虾较低;5种淡水虾中磷含量为221~296 mg/100 g可食部,钾含量为196~278 mg/100 g可食部,钠含量为120.7~202.7 mg/100 g可食部,镁含量为37~95 mg/100 g可食部,差别均不明显;微量元素4种,小龙虾中铁、锰和铜含量最高,白米虾和河虾中锌含量较高;此外,5种淡水虾中还检出维生素B2和维生素E,维生素B2含量均较低,为0.02~0.07 mg/100 g可食部;维生素E含量为1.61~3.30 mg/100 g可食部。结论安徽省5种主产淡水虾中蛋白质含量较高、所含氨基酸种类齐全、脂肪含量较低、富含多种矿物质、含有一定量维生素B2和维生素E,是营养价值较高的淡水产品。OBJECTIVE To analyze and evaluate the nutritional composition of five main products of freshwater shrimp including crawfish,river prawn,macrobrachium,freshwater shrimp,exopalaemon modestus in Anhui Province.METHODS Conventional and biochemical analytical method were used to detect the moisture,ash,crude protein,crude fat,amino acid,fatty acid,minerals and vitamin.RESULTS The contents of crude protein,crude fat,ash of the five freshwater shrimp were 13.9-20.8 g/100 g edible,0.6-2.2 g/100 g edible,1.5-4.1 g/100 g edible,respectively.A total of 18 amino acids were detected,the content of which were 11600-18600 mg/100 g edible.The amount of nine essential amino acid was measured to be 5336-9342 mg/100 g edible.The main restrictive amino acids in the five kinds of shrimps were methionine and cysteine,threonine and valine.The essential amino acid indexes in five kinds of shrimps(EAAI)were 39.62 and 31.81,28.65,44.85,and 33.48,respectively.Fourteen types of fatty acid were detected.The total content of fatty acid was 287-1851 mg/100 g edible.The monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA)and the polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA)were 12-234 mg/100 g edible,164-377 mg/100 g edible,respectively.Nine minerals were detected which including five microelements and four microelements.The content of calcium in river prawn,macrobrachium and exopalaemon modestus was higher than that in crawfish and freshwater shrimp.The content of phosphorus,kalium,sodium,magnesium in five freshwater shrimp were 221-296 mg/100 g edible,196-278 mg/100 g edible,120.7-202.7 mg/100 g edible,37-95 mg/100 g edible,respectively.The content of iron,manganese,cuprum in crawfish were higher than the others.The content of zinc in river prawn and exopalaemon modestus was high.Moreover,the vitamin B2 and E were also detected in five freshwater shrimp.The content of vitamin B2 and E were 0.02-0.07 mg/100 g edible and 1.61-3.30 mg/100 g edible.CONCLUSION Five main products of freshwater shrimp in Anhui belong to super nutritional value food which contained high protein,vari

关 键 词：淡水虾 脂肪酸 氨基酸 营养成分 

分 类 号：R151.3[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] TS254.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]