5~7岁儿童数学过程性能力的发展水平与年龄特点  

The Development of Mathematical Process Abilities on Children Aged 5~7

作　　者：周晶 赵振国[2] 郭力平 Jing Zhou;Zhenguo Zhao;Liping Guo(School of Teacher Education,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211 China;School of Educational Science,Henan University,Kaifeng 475004 China;Faculty of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062 China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学教师教育学院,宁波315211 [2]河南大学教育科学学院,开封475004 [3]华东师范大学教育学部,上海200062

出　　处：《学前教育研究》2020年第12期72-81,共10页Studies in Early Childhood Education

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目“3~8岁儿童数学过程性能力的发展与评价研究”(批准号:17YJC880139);宁波大学校级课改项目(编号:JYXMXYB201910)。

摘　　要：数学过程性能力强调儿童获得和运用数学知识的方法,对儿童的数学学习、创造力和自我效能感、批判性思维、学习动机、自尊和自信等都具有积极的影响。本研究对200名5~7岁儿童在数学运算、统计两个学习活动任务中的表现进行编码,以考察该年龄段儿童数学过程性能力的发展水平和年龄特点。结果表明5~7岁儿童的数学过程性能力存在显著的年龄与性别差异,幼儿园大班儿童在各项数学过程性能力上的得分均高于小学一年级儿童,男生的各项数学过程性能力得分显著高于女生。此外,数学活动内容上也有显著差异,儿童在统计活动中的得分显著高于运算活动。我国数学教育长期存在“重知识、轻能力”的问题,这是我国儿童数学过程性能力表现不佳的重要原因。为此,有必要提高教师对儿童学习与发展的认识,转变教师数学教学与评价的思路,多方协作促进数学教育改革,如在政策上要明确提出重视数学过程性能力的发展与监测,在教师培养培训课程中加入与数学过程性能力相关的内容;小学低年级应向幼儿园教育靠拢,改变以教师传授为主的传统教育模式,鼓励学生通过操作实物、讨论等途径探求解题策略和答案,以改变小学儿童的数学过程性能力反不如学前儿童的现状。Through the methods of quantitative research,this paper evaluated the development of mathematical process abilities on 2005~7-year-old children in two mathematical activities named operation and statistics.The results showed that there were age and gender differences in children’s process abilities.5~6-year-old children scored higher than 6~7-year-old children on mathematical process abilities and boys performed better than girls.There was content difference in children’s process abilities,for children scored higher in statistical activity than in arithmetic activity.These findings suggested that we focused too much on children’s learning results other than learning process and ignored the abilities needed during mathematic learning.Efforts should be made to improve teachers’pedagogies of knowledge and ability to understand and implement process abilities in mathematical teaching and assessment.

关 键 词：5~7岁儿童 数学过程性能力 数学能力 数学教育 

分 类 号：G613.4[文化科学—学前教育学]