专业必修课弹性与创造性成长空间——以国内外五所高校计算机相关专业为例  

Flexibility in Core Required Courses and the Prospect of Creativity

作　　者：卢晓东[1] 雍政祺 翁雨音 俞越 朱澤南 李永康 王伊姗 Lu Xiaodong;Yong Zhengqi;Weng Yuyin;Yu Yue;Zhu Zenan;Li Yongkang;Wang Yishan

机构地区：[1]北京大学教育学院/教育经济研究所 [2]北京大学信息科学技术学院 [3]北京大学新闻与传播学院 [4]北京大学外国语学院 [5]北京大学元培学院 [6]北京大学哲学系

出　　处：《高等工程教育研究》2021年第1期176-180,共5页Research in Higher Education of Engineering

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“经济新常态下的教育财政研究”(16JJD880002)。

摘　　要：培养方案弹性对于培养拔尖创新人才具有重要意义,但弹性却在国内高校培养方案必修课部分缺席。以文本分析和质性研究方法对国内外一流高校计算机相关专业培养方案进行比较、以半结构式访谈深入了解课程设置对学生学习的影响研究发现,麻省理工学院和卡内基·梅隆大学计算机科学专业培养方案的专业必修课弹性显著高于国内顶尖高校。研究提出,必修课弹性分为横向弹性和纵向弹性,横向弹性有"先修链式"和"平行选择式"两种实现方式。在学生自主学习时间有限这一约束条件下,必修课弹性设置可在保证知识结构和课程挑战度的同时,促进学生个性化知识结构的建构和创造性发展。The flexibility for students to construct their personalized knowledge structure is absent from core course requirement in undergraduate degree program in Chinese Universities.We conduct a comparative study on computer-science-related majors of leading domestic and foreign universities,using text-analysis and semi-structured interview to further study the impact of curricula structure on students’learning.We found that,MIT and CMU offer more flexibility in their required courses for personalization of students’study plans.This paper further categories the flexibility of required curriculum into two kinds-horizontal and vertical.There are two ways to implement horizontal flexibility:the chain of pre-requirements as correlation design and parallel course groups.Because time is a scarce resource,introducing the flexibility into core required courses allows students to personalize their own knowledge structure and encourage innovation.This improvement is the promise of a rigorous study plan and a solid structured academic foundation.

关 键 词：学分制 选修制 课程设置 教学改革 

分 类 号：TP3-4[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术] G642[文化科学—高等教育学]