“教育自由”的法理学分析——以相关国家宪法教育条款为考察视域  

Jurisprudential Analysis of“Freedom of Education”——Taking the Constitutional Education Clauses of the Relevant Countries as a Perspective

作　　者：何生根[1] HE Sheng-gen(School of Criminal Justice,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 102249,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院,北京102249

出　　处：《教育学报》2021年第1期170-179,共10页Journal of Educational Studies

摘　　要：教育自由作为宪法中早已存在的权利概念,有着明确的概念内涵和外延,因其从未被系统地阐述过,故长期处于被误解状态。从历史和现实来看,教育自由具有主权性、权力性、权利性和人权性四种特性。在宪法中,教育自由主要有三种表现形态:一是创办私立教育机构的自由;二是父母的教育选择自由;三是接近教育的自由。三种表现形态在国际人权法中都能找到权利渊源。基于教育歧视禁止,教育中立应成为教育自由的一项基本原则;为了保证教育的终极自由,教育目的和内容也应当具有自由性;政府对教育的财政支持对保障教育自由起到至关重要的作用。教育自由存在的价值是为了保障教育的自由选择,以防止教育极权。大体上,教育自由是教育权范畴的概念,把它理解成受教育权性质的概念是错误的。As a concept of rights existing in the constitution,freedom of education has a clear conceptual connotation and extension.Because it has never been systematically expounded,it has been misunderstood for a long time.In terms of history and reality,freedom of education has four characteristics:sovereignty,power,rights,and human rights.In the constitutions,there are three main manifestations of educational freedom:first,the freedom to establish private educational institutions;second,freedom of educational choice of parents;and third,freedom of access to education.Three forms of expression can all find the source of rights in international human rights law.Based on the prohibition of educational discrimination,educational neutrality should be a basic principle of freedom of education;in order to ensure the ultimate freedom of education,the purpose and content of education should also be free;the government’s financial support for education is crucial to safeguard the freedom of education.The value of educational freedom is to guarantee the free choice of education and to prevent educational totalitarianism.In essence,freedom of education is a concept of the educational right and it is wrong to understand it as the concept of the right to education.

关 键 词：宪法权利 教育自由 教育权 教学自由 

分 类 号：G40[文化科学—教育学原理]