中日同形词词义衍变的翻译对比研究以“工夫”/「工夫」为例  

A Comparative Study of the Similarities and Differences Between the Chinese and Japanese Homographs——Taking the Vocabulary of“Gongfu”/“Kufu”as Study Object

作　　者：成玉峰[1] 张苹 Cheng Yufeng;Zhang Ping

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学外国语学院 [2]江苏师范大学外国语学院,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《东北亚外语研究》2021年第1期73-80,共8页Foreign Language Research in Northeast Asia

基　　金：江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究一般项目“日语熟语双读音研究”(2019SJA0143)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“工夫”/「工夫」是一对中日同形词,为了考察两者的异同,本文利用《现代汉日辞典》《日汉同形异义语词典》等多部中、日文字典及相关语料库,分别对中日同形词“工夫”/「工夫」进行了词义的考证与考察。考察出“工夫”/「工夫」的成词以及词义发展变化,得出“工夫”/「工夫」在通假和语体上完全相同,都通“功夫”,既可作书面语也可作口语使用,同时在词性方面存在动词与名词之间的差异。其次,在词义方面,只有当“工夫”/「工夫」都表示“在某事上投入时间和精力”时才能进行同形词替换,除此之外,大多数情况下都必须另寻其他词汇来对应。其最大的不同点在于“工夫”具有与时间相关的含义,「工夫」则没有与时间相关的含义。“Gongfu”/“kufu”is a pair of Sino-Japanese homograph,and in order to investigate the similarities and differences between the two words,this paper respectively discussed the meaning and development of the words based on many Chinese and Japanese dictionaries,such as Ci Hai the Dictionary of Mandarin,and related corpus.It turns out that the two are identical on interchangeability of words and type of writing,which means“gongfu”,and can be used both in a formal and informal style,while they are different on the usage respectively as a verb and a noun.Secondly,in terms of meaning,only when“gongfu”/“kufu”indicate the meaning of“investing time and effort on something”can they replace each other,otherwise,there must be other vocabularies to match with them.The biggest difference between the two words is that“gongfu”can indicate meanings related to time,while“kufu”has no such meaning.

关 键 词：同形词 “工夫” 「工夫」 词义对比 翻译 

分 类 号：H059[语言文字—语言学]