偏异与回归:高校太极拳教学模式反思  

Reflection on Tai Chi Teaching at Colleges and Universities

作　　者：张长念[1] 张长思[2] ZHANG Chang-nian;ZHANG Chang-si(School of Dance and Martial Arts,Capital University of Physical Education and Sports,Beijing 100191,China;College of PE and Sports,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]首都体育学院武术与表演学院,北京100191 [2]北京师范大学体育与运动学院,北京100875

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2021年第3期129-138,共10页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“武术国际传播人才培养研究”(项目编号:16BTY112)。

摘　　要：高校是太极拳传承与发展的重要阵地。然而长期以来,在中国武术现代转型"扣错第一粒扣子"的偏失和西方体育教学思想的藩篱当中,高校太极拳教学日加偏离和异化。通过文献资料、专家访谈、逻辑思辨等方法,对当前高校太极拳教学进行分析与反思。在指出高校太极拳教学模式存在偏误的基础上提出回归策略:立足于通过传承武术技击文化的修炼路径达到大学生素质教育的价值定位,教学目标涵括健身修心、技击防卫、文化传播3个方面。还原太极拳修炼的基本技术体系,构建将功法和推手融入套路教学,体现太极拳传统文化和理念的教学内容体系。教学方法上,坚持围绕核心技术,注重劲力练习;讲解实战用法,注重对抗练习;强化专项体能,注重功法练习。教学评价方面,依据育人思想,树立正确的评价观念;依据教育目标,确立合理的评价内容;依据太极拳教学实际,采用多样的评价方式。Colleges and universities are important platforms for the inheritance and development of Tai Chi(Taiji Quan).However,for a long time,Tai Chi teaching at colleges and universities has not explored its own way,thus facing various difficulties.Through literature review,expert interviews,logical thinking and other research methods,this paper analyzes and reflects on the status quo of Tai Chi teaching at colleges and universities.On the basis of pointing out the errors in the teaching mode of Tai Chi at colleges and universities,this paper puts forward the correction strategies:Tai Chi teaching should base itself on serving the purpose of achieving quality education for college students by inheriting the fighting culture of martial arts.The teaching objectives include:mind-body building,attacking and defense skills and cultural communication.Tai Chi teaching should restore the basic technical system of Tai Chi practice,build a teaching content system that both integrates exercises and pushing hands into routine teaching,and reflects the traditional culture and philosophy of Tai Chi.In terms of teaching methods,we should:focus on core techniques;focus on strength practice;explain practical use;focus on resistance training;strengthen specific physical fitness;focus on skill practice.In terms of evaluation methods,we should develop a correct evaluation concept according to the thought of cultivating people,specify what to evaluate according to the education goals,and adopt various evaluation methods according to the teaching practice of Tai Chi.

关 键 词：太极拳 教学模式 教学内容 教学目标 教学方法 教学评价 

分 类 号：G807.0[文化科学—体育训练]