“性向词汇”中“动物比喻”的汉日对比研究  

A Comparative Study of "Animal Metaphors" in Chinese-Japanese "Gender-based Phrases"

作　　者：施晖[1] 李凌飞 Shi Hui;Li Lingfei(School of Foreign Languages in Soochow University)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学外国语学院

出　　处：《日语学习与研究》2021年第1期1-11,共11页Journal of Japanese Language Study and Research

基　　金：2017年度国家社会科学基金项目“日中韩语中的‘表人比喻词汇’对比研究”(编号17BYY219)的阶段成果。项目主持人:施晖。

摘　　要："性向词汇"是指对他人的性格、日常行为及人品等加以评价时使用的词汇群体。通过对中日两国"性向词汇"中的"动物比喻"进行分析与比较,得出结论如下:第一,中国国民对人评价时青睐于牛、马、猪、羊、鸡等家畜、家禽类喻体的使用;而日本国民侧重于海螺、大鲨鱼、鲻鱼等鱼类、贝类的喻体表现。第二,较之于多把虎、豹等体型大、独来独往的动物作为喻体的中国国民,日本国民喜好蚂蚁、蜂等体型小、注重团队意识的动物,凸显出中日两国在风土、饮食、国民性等文化层面的独特性。"Gender-based phrases" refers to a group of words and phrases used to evaluate human character, daily behavior and personality. By comparing and analyzing Chinese-Japanese "animal metaphors" found in these "gender-based phrases", the authors’ paper has drawn the following conclusions. Firstly, in terms of evaluating people, Chinese people prefer metaphorical representations of livestock, such as cattle, horse, pig, sheep and chicken;while conch, shark, mullet and other metaphors of fish or shellfish are frequently referenced by Japanese people. Secondly, compared with Chinese people who prefer representations of tiger, leopard or other large, solitary animals as metaphoric vehicles, Japanese people have a disposition to animals such as ants and bees which are bodily small and attach importance to teamwork. The above-mentioned differences highlight China and Japan’s own different peculiarities in natural conditions and social customs, diet, national character and other terms of culture.

关 键 词：性向词汇 动物喻体 喻词 文化语言学 汉日对比 

分 类 号：H36[语言文字—日语] H15