苹果渣饲料中展青霉素生物脱除的条件优化及脱除前后饲料中营养物质评价  

Optimization of Conditions for Biological Removal of Patulin from Apple Pomace Feed and Evaluation of Nutrients in the Feed Before and After Removal of Patulin

作　　者：杨阳 邹东 纪剑 王海鸣 张银志[2] 朱璇 孙秀兰[2] YANG Yang;ZOU Dong;JI Jian;WANG Haiming;ZHANG Yinzhi;ZHU Xuan;SUN Xiulan(School of Food Sciences and Pharmacy of Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;School of Food Science and Technology of Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China;Guangzhou GRG Metrology and Test Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学食品科学与药学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]江南大学食品学院,江苏无锡214122 [3]广州广电计量检测股份有限公司,广东广州510000

出　　处：《食品工业科技》2021年第9期129-135,共7页Science and Technology of Food Industry

基　　金：十三五重点研发计划(2018YFC1604206);国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(31860462);自然科学基金委(31801660,31772069);国家食品科学与工程一流学科建设项目资助(JUFSTR20180303)。

摘　　要：为降低苹果渣中展青霉素的含量,以一株对展青霉素有降解能力的黑曲霉FS10为发酵菌株对展青霉素污染的苹果渣进行发酵脱毒。以展青霉素降解率为指标,通过单因素实验对接种量、料水比、发酵时间和发酵温度四个影响苹果渣固态发酵的因素参数进行优化,然后利用响应面法筛选最优发酵条件,并对最优发酵条件下苹果渣发酵产物的营养物质进行评价。结果表明,接种量10%,发酵温度31ºC,发酵时间4 d,料水比1:3.2(g:mL)为黑曲霉生物发酵苹果渣的最优发酵条件,在此条件下展青霉素可被完全脱除。该验证结果与理论值相对误差为1.67%,说明该优化参数可行,具有实际应用价值。相较于发酵前而言,发酵后苹果渣中粗纤维含量从20.26%降低17.32%,粗蛋白含量从8.16%提高至10.08%,粗脂肪含量从3.32%提高至4.06%,总氨基酸含量从64.43 mg/g提高至73.78 mg/g。该研究不仅能够完全脱除受污染苹果渣中的展青霉素,还可有效改善苹果渣的营养价值,为开发安全营养的苹果渣饲料提供了有力的技术支持。In order to reduce patulin content in apple pomace,a strain of Aspergillus miger FS10,which had the ability to degrade patulin,was used as fermentation strain to ferment patulin contaminated apple pomace for detoxification.The condition of inoculation quantity,material to water ratio,fermentation time and temperature were optimized by single-factor experiment and the analysis of response surface methodology determined the optimum fermentation conditions.Nutritional status was evaluated with the treatment of Aspergillus niger inoculation in apple pomace.The results indicated that the optimal treatment conditions in Aspergillus niger fermentative degradation were:Inoculation volume 10%,31℃for fermentation temperature,4 d for fermentation time,and 1:3.2(g/mL)for the ratio of material to water.Patulin in apple pomace could be completely removed.The relative error between the verification result and the theoretical value was 1.67%,indicating that the optimized parameters were feasible and had practical application value.Evaluation of nutrients in apple pomace before and after fermentation indicated that the crude fiber content in apple pomace decreased from 20.26%to 17.32%,the crude protein content increased from 8.16%to 10.08%,the crude fat content increased from 3.32%to 4.06%,total amino acid content increased from 64.43 mg/g to 73.78 mg/g.In short,the research illustrated that the Aspergillus niger fermentation could not only remove patulin from contaminated apple pomace,but also effectively improve the nutritional value of apple pomace.These findings provided strong technical support for the development of safe and nutritious apple pomace feed.

关 键 词：黑曲霉 苹果渣 响应面 展青霉素 营养物质 

分 类 号：TS209[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]