中考制度改革的现实困境与突围之策  

The Realistic Dilemma and Breakthrough Strategy of the Reform of Senior High School Entrance Examination System

作　　者：程红艳 孙永敏 CHENG Hongyan;SUN Yongmin(College of Education,Central China Normal University,Wuhan,430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学教育学院道德教育研究所,武汉430079

出　　处：《全球教育展望》2021年第3期63-74,共12页Global Education

基　　金：全国教育科学规划2018年度国家一般项目“教育现代化进程中学校变革的伦理追求与实践路径”(项目编号:BEA180113)阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：中考制度充当了基础教育分流的过滤器和高中阶段优质教育机会的守门员。新中考改革呈现水平考试与选拔考试的功能叠加、评价方式的适度综合素质化、力图兼顾教育实质公平三大趋势,但在改革过程中面临着四大深层矛盾:入学机会分配的平等原则与优先原则的博弈、考试技术理性运用中人的可测性与不可测性的边界划定、社会统一选拔与个人自由发展的两难、中考制度改革与其他制度改革的协同问题。为化解矛盾,更好地服务于保障教育公平和提升教育质量的目的,中考制度改革应构建改革的重叠共识,化解统一要求与自由发展之间的矛盾,加强中考改革与其他制度改革的协调性。The senior high school entrance examination system serves as a filter for basic education diversion and a goalkeeper for high school education, especially high-quality high school education opportunities. The reform of the new senior high school entrance examination presents three major trends: the function superposition of the level examination and the selection examination, the appropriate comprehensive quality of the evaluation method, and the attempt to consider the essential equality of education. However, in the process of reform, there are four deep contradictions such as the game between equal principle and priority principle of admission opportunity allocation, the boundary demarcation between testability and untestability in rational application of examination technology, the dilemma between social unified selection and individual free development, the synergy between the reform of high school entrance examination system and other system reforms. In order to resolve conflicts and better serve the purpose of guaranteeing education fairness and quality, the reform of the senior high school entrance examination system should build overlapping consensus;resolve the contradiction between unified requirements and free development, and strengthen the coordination between the reform of senior high school entrance examination and other institutional reforms.

关 键 词：中考改革 新中考 教育公平 教育质量 基础教育改革 

分 类 号：G632.474[文化科学—教育学]