在线教学人际互动的混合研究--上海高校教师的视角  

Mixed-methods Inquiry into Interpersonal Interaction in Online Teaching-The Perspective of Shanghai University Teachers

作　　者：李琳琳[1] Li Linlin(Institute of Higher Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学高等教育研究所,上海200062

出　　处：《华东师范大学学报（教育科学版）》2021年第7期50-61,共12页Journal of East China Normal University:Educational Sciences

基　　金：文化名家暨“四个一批”人才工程资助项目“基于学生与学习变化的大学教师教与学的变革”。

摘　　要：人际互动是影响在线教学成效的关键因素,SOTL-T课题组通过对8850位高校教师的问卷调查和23位教师的深度访谈,对在线教学人际互动的特征和效果进行了分析。研究发现:(1)在互动媒介方面,文字互动占比最大,其留存性和可见性强,可以通过字斟句酌锻炼学生书面表达能力,但出现了表情包辅助和表述简短化的趋势;音视频互动对网速和深层表演有较高要求,出于后台前台化的形象整饰压力,教师打开摄像头的频率不高。(2)在互动时间方面,同步互动的时间刚性强、间隔短、边界清晰、节奏匀速且方向单一,时间利用效率相对较高;异步互动的时间刚性弱、间隔长、边界模糊、节奏可控且能撤销和剪辑,时间效率更低。(3)在互动空间方面,分割的空间限制了在线教学互动的多样性与充分性,但同时也能通过匿名保护形成人际安全距离;在有特殊空间需求的课程中,在线教学展现出了独有的优势或劣势。(4)超过半数的老师认为,在线教学人际互动的频率和效果较线下教学都有所下降,平台设计只是更多地满足了教师一方的符号输出需求。基于此,本研究对高校、教师和平台开发者提出了相应的行动建议。Interpersonal interaction is a key factor affecting the effectiveness of online teaching.The SOTL-T project analyzed the characteristics and effects of the negative aspects of online teaching through a questionnaire survey of 8850 university teachers and 23 in-depth interviews with teachers.The study found that:In terms of interactive media,text interaction accounts for the largest proportion because of its retention and visibility.The written expression ability is exercised through careful consideration of words and sentences,and there is a trend of emoticon assistance and conciseness.Audio and video interactions have high requirements for internet speed and in-depth performances.Due to the pressure of image decoration in the background,some teachers do not turn on the camera frequently.In terms of interaction time,the time characteristics of synchronous interaction and offline interaction show some similarities in respect of time rigidity,short intervals,clear boundaries,uniform rhythm and single direction.Also,time utilization efficiency is relatively high.In contrast,the time rigidity of asynchronous interaction is weak,the interval is long,the boundary is blurred,the rhythm can be adjusted,and it can be undone and edited.The time efficiency is lower.In terms of interactive space,the dispersion of online teaching space limits the diversity and sufficiency of interaction,but also it can form a safe distance for anonymous protection.In courses with special space requirements,online teaching shows unique advantages or disadvantages.More than half of the teachers believe that the frequency and effect of interpersonal interaction in online teaching are lower than offline teaching.Teacher-student interaction is worse than student-student interaction.Based on analytical results,the research suggests possible actions in future for universities,teachers,and platform developers.

关 键 词：在线教学 时空特征 师生互动 生生互动 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学] G642[文化科学—教育技术学]