长三角地区市场常见农产品中40种真菌毒素的污染状况和特征分析  

Natural Occurrence and Characteristic Analysis of 40 Mycotoxins in Agro-Products from Yangtze Delta Region

作　　者：范楷[1] 祭芳[2] 徐剑宏[2] 钱鸣蓉[3] 段劲生 聂冬霞[1] 唐占敏 赵志辉[1] 史建荣[2] 韩铮[1] FAN Kai;JI Fang;XU JianHong;QIAN MingRong;DUAN JinSheng;NIE DongXia;TANG ZhanMin;ZHAO ZhiHui;SHI JianRong;HAN Zheng(Institute for Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology,Shanghai 201403;Institute of Quality Safety and Nutrition of Agricultural Products,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014;Institute of Quality Safety and Nutrition of Agricultural Products,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021;Institute of Plant Protection and Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei 230001)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院农产品质量标准与检测技术研究所/上海市设施园艺技术重点实验室,上海201403 [2]江苏省农业科学院农产品质量安全与营养研究所,南京210014 [3]浙江省农业科学院农产品质量安全与营养研究所,杭州310021 [4]安徽省农业科学院植物保护与农产品质量安全研究所,合肥230001

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2021年第13期2870-2884,共15页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目(2020-02-08-00-12-F01453)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析长三角地区市场小麦、玉米、稻谷、番茄和桃等常见农产品中真菌毒素的污染水平和特征,为农产品安全监管提供科学依据。【方法】于2019年从长三角地区三省一市(江苏、浙江、安徽和上海)的超市、农家和农贸市场等抽样采集农产品720份,包括120份小麦、150份玉米、150份稻谷、150份番茄和150份桃。谷物样品先后经水和含1%(V/V)甲酸的乙腈溶液提取,果蔬样品经含1%(V/V)甲酸的乙腈溶液提取。提取液通过氯化钠和无水硫酸镁盐析后,采用超高效液相色谱串联质谱法准确测定其中40种重要真菌毒素的含量。分别采用卡方检验和单因素方差分析对农产品中真菌毒素的检出率和含量进行比较,采用Spearman相关对农产品中真菌毒素的含量与产地温、湿度的相关性进行分析。【结果】720份农产品中共检测到36种真菌毒素,主要包括黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素、链格孢霉毒素、伏马毒素、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)及其修饰物和玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)等,总检出率为75.3%。其中,伏马毒素B1(FB1)检出率最高(49.0%),其次为细交链孢菌酮酸(TeA)(37.5%)、伏马毒素B2(FB2)(35.7%)、腾毒素(Ten)(29.6%)、伏马毒素B3(FB3)(29.3%)、ZEN(22.6%)、DON(21.4%)、3-乙酰基-脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(3-ADON)(10.7%)、赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)(10.4%),赭曲霉毒素B(OTB)(8.1%)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇-3-葡萄糖苷(D3G)(7.2%)、赭曲霉毒素C(OTC)(6.4%)、黄曲霉毒素B2(AFB2)(5.8%)和15-乙酰基-脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(15-ADON)(5.4%)。59.5%的农产品样品受到2种或2种以上真菌毒素污染,同一份样本中被检出毒素数量最多达到23种。根据GB 2761-2017《食品安全国家标准食品中真菌毒素限量》,有1份玉米样本黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)超标,1份稻谷样本OTA超标,6份小麦和2份玉米样本ZEN超标,总超标率为1.4%,整体污染水平不高。农产品中真菌毒素的污染水平表现出一定的�【Objective】The purpose of this survey was to investigate the natural occurrence and contamination characteristics of 40 mycotoxins in agro-products(wheat,maize,rice,tomato and peach)from Yangtze Delta Region,so as to provide a scientific basis for the supervision of agro-products.【Method】A total of 720 ago-product samples,including 120 wheat samples,150 maize samples,150 rice samples,150 tomato samples and 150 peach samples,were collected from supermarkets,farmers and farmers’markets in Shanghai,Anhui,Jiangsu and Zhejiang in 2019.The grain samples were extracted with water and acetonitrile containing 1%(V/V)formic acid,and fruit and vegetable samples were extracted with acetonitrile containing 1%(V/V)formic acid.The extractions were salted out with sodium chloride and anhydrous magnesium sulfate,and the concentrations of 40 kinds of important mycotoxins were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)were utilized to investigate the mycotoxin contamination levels among different types of agro-products in different regions,while Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used for the analysis of the relationship between mycotoxin concentrations and temperature and humidity.【Result】In 720 samples,a total of 36 kinds of mycotoxins were detected,mainly including aflatoxins,ochratoxins,alternaria toxins,fumonisins,deoxynivalenol(DON)and its modified forms and zearalenone(ZEN).The detection rate of mycotoxins in total agro-products was 75.3%.Among the positive toxins,fumonisin B1(FB1)was the most frequently detected(49.0%),followed by tenuazonic acid(TeA)(37.5%),fumonisin B2(FB2)(35.7%),tentoxin(Ten)(29.6%),fumonisin B3(FB3)(29.3%),ZEN(22.6%),DON(21.4%),3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol(3-ADON)(10.7%),ochratoxin A(OTA)(10.4%),ochratoxin B(OTB)(8.1%),deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside(D3 G)(7.2%),ochratoxin C(OTC)(6.4%),aflatoxin B2(AFB2)(5.8%)and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol(15-ADON)(5.4%).Additionally,59.5%of the agricultural product

关 键 词：真菌毒素 农产品 混合污染 长三角地区 

分 类 号：TS201.6[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]