牛至精油对平凉红牛生长性能、血液生理指标、肉品质及肌肉脂肪酸的影响  

Effects of Oregano Essential Oil on Growth Performance,Blood Physiological Indices,Meat Quality and Muscle Fatty Acids of Pingliang Red Cattle

作　　者：李佳龙 张瑞 吴建平[2] 张科[3] 豆思远 曾金焱[5] 刘婷[1] 宫旭胤[2,6] 王建福[1] 雷赵民[1] LI Jialong;ZHANG Rui;WU Jianping;ZAHNG Ke;DOU Siyuan;ZENG Jinyan;LIU Ting;GONG Xuyin;WANG Jianfu;LEI Zhaomin(College of Animal Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Animal Disease Prevention and Control Centre of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730046,China;Gansu Agricultural Vocational and Technical College,Lanzhou 730020,China;Animal Husbandry,Pasture and Green Agriculture Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业科学院,兰州730070 [3]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,杨凌712100 [4]甘肃省动物疫病预防控制中心,兰州730046 [5]甘肃农业职业技术学院,兰州730020 [6]甘肃省农业科学院畜草与绿色农业研究所,兰州730070

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2021年第8期4478-4490,共13页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：甘肃省高等学校产业支撑技术项目“平凉红牛种养结合高效循环生产体系建设技术应用”(2020C-08);甘肃省农业农村厅现代丝路寒旱农业“草食畜种养结合循环生产体系建设技术研究与应用”专项(GSSLCSX-2020-1);甘肃省科技重大专项计划“肉牛高效生态营养技术体系研究与示范”(17ZD2NC020);农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项“北方作物秸秆饲用化利用技术研究与示范”(201503134);兰州市科技局重点项目“玉米秸秆饲料化关键技术集成与示范推广”(2012-2-159)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究牛至精油对平凉红牛生长性能、血液生理指标、肉品质及肌肉脂肪酸的影响。选取12月龄左右、体重为(270.74±26.24)kg的健康平凉红牛(阉牛)9头,随机分为3组(每组3头),对照组(CON组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加10(L组)、20 g/(d·头)(H组)牛至精油。饲喂584 d(预试期14 d,正试期570 d)后屠宰。结果表明:1)试验组的终末体重、平均日增重、宰前活重、净肉重、眼肌面积显著高于CON组(P<0.05),L组的皮下脂肪厚度和H组的胴体胸深显著高于CON组(P<0.05),且L组和H组的平均日增重较CON组分别提高了16.07%、21.43%。2)试验组的白细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、单核细胞计数、粒细胞计数、血红蛋白浓度显著高于CON组(P<0.05),L组的血小板计数、血小板压积显著高于CON组(P<0.05)。3)试验组的肌肉p_(H 45 min)、p_(H 24 h)、剪切力显著低于CON组(P<0.05);L组的大理石花纹评分和H组的熟肉率显著高于CON组(P<0.05),H组的蒸煮损失显著低于CON组(P<0.05)。4)对于肌肉脂肪酸组成和含量,试验组饱和脂肪酸含量显著低于CON组(P<0.05),不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于CON组(P<0.05);CON组和L组的C8∶0、C13∶0、C20∶2含量显著低于H组(P<0.05),试验组的C18∶0和C18∶1n9 c含量显著高于CON组(P<0.05);n-3多不饱和脂肪酸、n-6多不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸值各组间差异均不显著(P>0.05),但L组和H组的多不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸值较CON组分别提高了16.67%和33.33%。综上所述,饲粮中添加牛至精油可以提高平凉红牛的生长性能及产肉量,改善牛肉品质,改变肌肉脂肪酸的组成和含量,提升机体的健康状态。This experiment was conducted to study the effects of oregano essential oil on growth performance,blood physiological indices,meat quality and muscle fatty acids of Pingliang red cattle.A total of 9 healthy Pingliang red cattle(steers)about 12 months of age and weighing(270.74±26.24)kg were randomly divided into 3 groups(3 heads per group).The cattle in control group(CON group)were fed a basal diet,and the cattle in experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 10(L group)and 20 g/(d·head)(H group)oregano essential oil,respectively.The animals were fed for 584 days(pre-trial period was 14 days,and trial period was 570 days).The results showed as follows:1)the final weight and average daily gain(ADG),live weight before slaughter,meat weight and eye muscle area of the experimental groups were significantly higher than those of CON group(P<0.05),the thickness of subcutaneous fat of L group and the carcass chest depth of H group were significantly higher than those of CON group(P<0.05),the ADG of L group and H group was 16.07%and 21.43%higher than that of CON group.2)The white blood cell(WBC)count,lymphocyte(LYM)count,monocyte(MON)count,granulocyte(GRA)count and hemoglobin(HGB)concentration of experimental groups were significantly higher than those of CON group(P<0.05),and the platelet(PLT)count and plateletcrit(PCT)of L group were significantly higher than those of CON group(P<0.05).3)The muscle p_(H 45 min),p_(H 24 h)and shear force were significantly lower than those of CON group(P<0.05);the marbling score of L group and the cooked meat rate of H group were significantly higher than those of CON group(P<0.05),and the cooking loss of H group was significantly lower than that of CON group(P<0.05).4)For the composition and content of fatty acids in muscle,the content of saturated fatty acid(SFA)of experimental groups was significantly lower than that of CON group(P<0.05),and the content of unsaturated fatty acid(UFA)was significantly higher than that of CON group(P<0.05);the contents of C8∶0,C13�

关 键 词：牛至精油 平凉红牛 生长性能 血液生理指标 肉品质 肌肉脂肪酸 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]