基于默会知识理论和人力资本理论的高职现代学徒制立体人才培养模式  

The Three-dimensional Talent Training Model of Modern Apprenticeship in Higher Vocational Education Based on Tacit Knowledge Theory and Human Capital Theory

作　　者：孙晓明[1] SUN Xiaoming

机构地区：[1]重庆水利电力职业技术学院,重庆402160

出　　处：《科教文汇》2021年第24期5-8,共4页Journal of Science and Education

基　　金：重庆市教育科学“十三五”2017年规划课题“基于默会知识理论和人力资本理论的高职现代学徒制立体人才培养模式研究与应用”(项目编号:2017-GX-463,主持人:孙晓明);重庆市高等教育教学改革研究重点项目“融入9S管理模式的高职院校实践教学综合管理系统研究及实践”(项目编号:182090,主持人:孙晓明)。

摘　　要：文章针对现代学徒制的现状和试点中存在的问题,通过挖掘默会知识理论和人力资本理论与现代学徒制的内在关联,提出现代学徒制立体人才培养模式。该模式具有以下特征:以学生/学徒的培养为基准面,以行业为牵引面,分别以院校—企业、教师—师傅为支撑面;由院校教师制定理论课程标准,由企业师傅制定技能课程标准;在培养学生/学徒的同时,提升教师和师傅的"双师"素质;利用各类政策支持,分别构建针对企业的管理机制、针对师傅的激励机制。该模式将现代学徒制作为培养在工作中无法通过语言、文字表述默会知识与技能的有力工具,并在人力资本理论的指导下降低人才培养成本、提高人才培养效率、缩短人才培养时间、保证人才培养质量,旨在提高企业效益及企业参与现代学徒制的积极性。In view of the status quo of modern apprenticeship and the problems existing in pilot programs, the intrinsic relationship between tacit knowledge theory and human capital theory and modern apprenticeship is studied, and a three-dimensional talent training model for modern apprenticeship is proposed. This model takes the training of students/apprentices as the benchmark, the industry as the traction, and the collegeenterprise and teacher-master respectively as the supporting surface;the college teachers formulate the theoretical curriculum standards, and the enterprise masters formulate the skill curriculum standards;while cultivating students/apprentices,the quality of the"two teachers", teachers and masters, is improved;various policy supports are used to build a management and incentive mechanism for enterprises and masters. This model makes modern apprenticeship a powerful tool for cultivating tacit knowledge and skills that cannot be expressed in words or texts. According to human capital theory, through modern apprenticeship, it reduces the cost of talent training,improves the efficiency of talent training, shortens the period of talent training, ensures the quality of talent training, and improves the efficiency of enterprises and their enthusiasm to participate in modern apprenticeship.

关 键 词：默会知识理论 人力资本理论 现代学徒制 立体人才培养模式 高等职业院校 

分 类 号：G710[文化科学—职业技术教育学]