美国学前教育质量评级与提升系统(QRIS)对我国开展学前教育质量监测的启示  

The Enlightenment of American Preschool Education Quality Rating and Improvement System(QRIS)to the Preschool Education Quality Monitoring in China

作　　者：单文顶 曹紫杨 SHAN Wending;CAO Ziyang(Jiangsu University of Technology,Changzhou 213001,China;Changsha Normal University,Changsha 410100,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏理工学院,江苏常州213001 [2]长沙师范学院,长沙410100

出　　处：《中国考试》2021年第10期33-42,共10页journal of China Examinations

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划2020年度教育学重点课题“我国学前教育可持续发展的路径与对策研究”(AHA200010)。

摘　　要：近年来,建立学前教育质量监测体系已成为世界各国提升学前教育质量的重要路径。然而,质量监测在我国学前教育领域仍处于起步阶段,尚未形成规范体系。美国各州陆续开发并实施了学前教育质量评级与提升系统(QRIS),主要内容有建立多层级的质量标准、使用标准化工具测评质量、给予连续性的质量改进支持、提供多样化的财政激励、加强QRIS的宣传5个方面。QRIS具有追求公平、偏重过程性质量、凸显以评促建功能、重视监测结果应用等特点,对我国开展学前教育质量监测的启示有:1)构建基于证据的学前教育国家质量标准;2)建立国家层面的覆盖所有机构的学前教育质量监测体系;3)开发以过程性质量为核心的监测工具;4)审视监测重心,重视监测的发展性功能。In recent years,the establishment of preschool education quality monitoring system has become an important way to improve the quality of preschool education in the world.However,the quality monitoring of preschool education is still in the initial stage in China,and the standard system has not yet been formed.The states of USA have developed and implemented Quality Rating and Improvement System(QRIS),which mainly includes:establishing multi-level quality standards,using standardized tools to measure quality,providing continuous quality improvement supports,providing diversified financial incentives,and strengthening the publicity of QRIS.QRIS has the characteristics of pursuing fairness,emphasizing process quality,highlighting the function of"promoting the construction through assessment"and emphasizing the application of monitoring results.The enlightenment for the implementation of preschool education quality monitoring in China is as follows:1)constructing evidence-based national quality standards for preschool education;2)establishing national-level preschool education quality monitoring system covering all institutions;3)developing monitoring tools centered on process quality;4)examining the focus of monitoring and paying attention to the developmental function.

关 键 词：教育质量监测 学前教育质量 教育质量标准 监测工具 监测体系 

分 类 号：G405[文化科学—教育学原理]