成圣的不变之教:王阳明的立志说  

Constant Pursuit of Becoming a Sage:Philosophical Review of WANG Yangming’s Aspiration Thought

作　　者：周海春[1] 徐艳萍 ZHOU Hai-chun;XU Yan-ping

机构地区：[1]湖北大学哲学学院,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《湖北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2021年第6期54-62,178,共10页Journal of Hubei University(Philosophy and Social Science)

摘　　要：王阳明的一生可以说是励志的一生,是从“立志”到“熟志”的一生。把做圣贤(成圣)当成第一等的事情是他“三变”中的不变,而立志说既是他最初的教法,也是他“三教”变化过程中的相对不变之教。在王阳明提出“知行合一”、“致良知”等学说以后,立志说不但没有被放弃,而且还得以进一步丰富和发展。在王阳明的思想中,立志是一个包含本根、功夫、结果三合一的问题,相应地,立志也包含无志、志不真切、意必等难题。王阳明不断重申立志,就是因为如果不能破解立志的难题,立志说难以发挥促使人们立志的功效。“致良知”理论则有助于解决立志的疑难,每个人都有良知,都能“致良知”,立志不过是“致良知”,“致良知”规定了立志的本质。立志说和“致良知”的有机结合,使得成圣这一问题有了较为坚实的理论支持,也体现了王阳明延续儒家道统的努力。Wang Yangming’s life can be said to be certain determination,featuring a development from“locating a determination”to“carrying certain determination”.His doctrine of determination was among the teaching methods he originally proposed,and remained more or less unchanged through the three major changes in his theoretical framework.Even after he proposed“unity in knowledge and practice”and“attaining conscience”,the doctrine of determination was not given up.Instead,it was greatly enriched and advanced.In Wang’s view,determination is a three-in-one problem containing the origin,the practice and the result.Accordingly,determination also includes problems such as no determination,unreal determination and recalcitrance.Wang Yangming constantly focuses on determination because if he can’t solve the problem of determination,it’s difficult to promote people’s determination.“Attaining Conscience”theory is conducive to the problem of determination,for everyone has conscience and can“attain conscience”,which converges with“locating a determination”.The organic combination of“attaining conscience”and determination theory not only provides a solid theoretical support for the problem of being a sage,but also illustrates Wang Yangming’s efforts to continue the Confucian orthodoxy.

关 键 词：王阳明 立志 良知 圣人 

分 类 号：B248.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]