高考课标卷概率统计试题的特点及其教学启示--基于2011-2020年全国课标卷的分析  

An Analysis of Items Related to Probability and Statistics in College Entrance Examinations from 2011-2020

作　　者：李亚琼[1,2] 徐文彬[1] LI Ya-qiong;XU Wen-bin(Curriculum and Teaching Institute,Nanjing Normal University,Jiangsu Nanjing 210079,China;Secondary Art School Affiliated to Nanjing University of Arts,Jiangsu Nanjing 210013,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学课程与教学研究所,江苏南京210079 [2]南京艺术学院附属中等艺术学校,江苏南京210013

出　　处：《数学教育学报》2021年第6期13-19,共7页Journal of Mathematics Education

基　　金：全国教育科学“十三五”规划2018年度国家一般项目--中小学STEM教育基本理论与本土实践问题研究(BHA80126)。

摘　　要：基于2011—2020年52套全国课标卷,从考查总分、考查知识、试题特点和命题导向4个方面对课标卷中概率统计试题特点进行了统计与分析.概率统计试题在全国卷中考查总分占比呈增加趋势.具体而言,侧重用数据呈现的规律解释随机现象,用概率或统计模型表达随机现象的统计规律;情境的创新融入了综合化的新趋势;重视概率与函数、概率与不等式、概率与数列等交汇知识在试题中的融合考查;呈现出重视数学文化渗透、问题情境载入和知识融合创新的命题导向.基于高考对教学的导向作用,概率统计专题教学应重视:研究新课标,关注新旧过渡;回归教材,重视知识的整体结构性;基于学情,加强学生“四能”培养;落实教学,尝试“整—分—联”教学思路.Based on 52 sets of national course standard papers from 2011 to 2020,statistics and analysis of the characteristics of the probability and statistics test questions in the papers was carried out along four aspects:the total score of the test,the knowledge assessed on the test,the characteristics of the test questions,and the proposition orientation.The proportion of probability and statistics tests in the national papers is increasing.Specifically,the emphasis is on using the laws presented by data to explain random phenomena,and probability or statistical models are used to express the statistical laws of random phenomena;the integration of situational innovation has a new trend of integration;emphasis on probability and function integrate examination of the intersection of knowledge,probability and inequality,probability and sequence of numbers,etc.;present a proposition orientation that emphasizes the penetration of mathematics culture,the loading of problem situations,and the innovation of knowledge integration.Based on the guiding role of the college entrance examination for teaching,the teaching of probability and statistics should pay attention to the following:studying the new curriculum standards and transitioning between the new and the old;returning to the textbook and emphasizing the holistic structure of knowledge;based on the academic conditions,strengthening the training of students’“four abilities”;implementing teaching and trying the teaching ideas of“integral-sub-union.”

关 键 词：高考课标卷 概率统计 试题特点 整体教学 “整—分—联”教学思路 

分 类 号：G632.479[文化科学—教育学]