2019年中国市售水果干制品中微生物污染状况  

Microbial contamination in dried fruit products in China in 2019

作　　者：闫琳 裴晓燕 彭子欣 杨舒然 李莹 马晓晨[2] 余波[3] 占利[4] 兰光[5] 陈潇 杨大进 Yan Lin;Pei Xiaoyan;Peng Zixin;Yang Shuran;Li Ying;Ma Xiaochen;Yu Bo;Zhan Li;Lan Guang;Chen Xiao;Yang Dajin(China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment,Beijing 100022,China;Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 100013,China;HuBei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Wuhan 430079,China;Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hangzhou 310051,China;Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]国家食品安全风险评估中心,北京100022 [2]北京市疾病预防控制中心,北京100013 [3]湖北省疾病预防控制中心,武汉430079 [4]浙江省疾病预防控制中心,杭州310051 [5]甘肃省疾病预防控制中心,兰州730000

出　　处：《卫生研究》2022年第1期63-67,共5页Journal of Hygiene Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(No.2017YFC1601503)。

摘　　要：目的了解中国水果干制品中微生物的污染状况和特征。方法 2019年在全国采集市售水果干制品2917份,按照GB 4789规定方法检测产品中菌落总数、大肠菌群、霉菌、酵母、沙门菌和单核细胞增生李斯特菌。结果 2917份样品中有5.01%的样品菌落总数>10;CFU/g, 2.98%的样品大肠菌群>10;CFU/g。34.42%的样品霉菌>50 CFU/g, 9.46%的样品酵母>50 CFU/g。沙门菌和单核细胞增生李斯特菌检出率分别为0.14%和0.03%。不同种类水果干制品微生物污染差异较大(P<0.01),其中枸杞干和榴莲干的总体卫生状况最差。不同监测地区水果干制品微生物污染存在差异(P<0.01或P<0.05),总体而言,华南、西南和华中地区样品的微生物污染情况严重。不同包装、不同采样地点的水果干样品之间微生物污染情况差异无统计学意义。结论 2019年中国水果干制品的卫生状况总体较差。OBJECTIVE To investigate the microbial contamination in dried fruit products in China.METHODS In 2019, 2917 samples of dried fruit products on the market were collected, and examined for aerobic bacterial count, coliforms, molds, yeasts, Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes according to the method specified in GB 4789.RESULTS A total of 34.42%(1004/2917)of the samples had molds above 50 CFU/g and 9.46%(276/2917)of the samples had yeast above 50 CFU/g. The occurrence of aerobic plate count above 10;CFU/g and coliforms above 10;CFU/g was 5.01%(146/2917)and 2.98%(87/2917), respectively. The detection rate of Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes were 0.14%(4/2917) and 0.03%(1/2917), respectively. Microbial contamination in different kinds of dried fruit products varied widely, with dried wolfberries and dried durian having the worst overall hygiene. There were differences in microbial contamination of dried fruit products in different regions. In general, samples collected in South China, Southwest China and Central China had more serious microbial contamination. There was no significant difference in microbial contamination between dried fruit products with different packaging and sampling places. CONCLUSION The hygienic condition of dried fruit products is generally poor in 2019.

关 键 词：水果干制品 微生物污染 菌群总数 大肠菌群 霉菌 酵母 食源性致病菌 

分 类 号：R155.54[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]