湖州市市售凉拌菜中主要致病菌污染状况及快速定量风险评估  

Microbial contamination and fast quantitative risk assessment of retail Chinese salads in Huzhou City

作　　者：袁瑞[1] 黄铮[1] 宋臻鹏[1] 闻栋[1] 朱幸[1] YUAN Rui;HUANG Zheng;SONG Zhenpeng;WENG Dong;ZHU Xing(Huzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhejiang Huzhou 313000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖州市疾病预防控制中心,浙江湖州313000

出　　处：《中国食品卫生杂志》2022年第2期322-326,共5页Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene

摘　　要：目的了解湖州市市售凉拌菜中主要致病菌的污染状况,并初步评估其健康风险,为食源性疾病防制提供参考。方法2017年和2020年随机采集市售凉拌菜461份,对其开展大肠埃希菌(Escherichia coli)、沙门氏菌(Salmonella)、单核细胞增生李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes)、副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)以及蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)检测,依据相关标准对其进行微生物污染状况评价,并运用食品微生物快速定量风险评估(sQMRA)模型初步评估其健康风险。结果凉拌菜中大肠埃希菌不合格率最高(48.94%,46/94),其平均污染水平为104.34 CFU/g,主要在农贸市场和网店等流通环节污染严重(P=0.004)。食源性致病菌中,单增李斯特菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌检出率分别为9.54%(44/461)、5.21%(24/461)、1.30%(6/461)和1.06%(1/94),金黄色葡萄球菌≥104CFU/g和蜡样芽孢杆菌≥10^(5)CFU/g的比例均为零。经评估,4种食源性致病菌的年估计总发病数为2208例,总发病概率为7.21×10^(-4),风险等级均为中风险。结论湖州市市售凉拌菜整体卫生状况不佳,尤其是大肠埃希菌污染严重,4种主要食源性致病菌污染也存在一定风险,建议加强监督、评估与优先管理。Objective To understand the microbial contamination status of retail Chinese salads in Huzhou,and conduct a fast quantitative risk assessment to provide reference for foodborne disease prevention and control.Methods In2019 and 2020,461 samples of retail Chinese salads were randomly collected and detected for E.coli,Salmonella,Listeria monocytogenes,and B.cereus.According to the relevant standards,the status of microbial contamination was evaluated,and the health risk was preliminarily evaluated by sQMRA tool.Results The unqualified rate of E.coli in retail Chinese salads was the highest(48.94%,46/94),and the average concentration was 104.34 CFU/g,which was mainly in the circulation links of farmer’s markets and online stores(P=0.004).The detection rates of Listeria monocytogenes,S.aureus,Salmonella and B.cereus were 9.54%(44/461),5.21%(24/461),1.30%(6/461)and1.06%(1/94),respectively.The unqualified rates of S.aureus(≥104 CFU/g)and B.cereus(≥10^(5)CFU/g)were zero.The estimated annual incidence of four food borne pathogens was 2208 cases,the estimated probability was 7.21×10^(-4),and the risk level was medium.Conclusion The sanitary quality of retail Chinese salads in Huzhou City is not optimistic,E.coli contamination is the most serious.The contamination of four major food borne pathogens can lead to certain health risks.And further surveillance,assessment and management are needed.

关 键 词：凉拌菜 食源性致病菌 风险评估 湖州 

分 类 号：R155[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]