基于创造性思维评估的高考化学试题评析及启示--以2021年全国15套高考化学试题为例  

The Analysis and Enlightenment of Chemistry Test Questions in the College Entrance Examination Based on Creative Thinking Assessment-Taking 15 Sets of Chemistry Test Questions in 2021 National College Entrance Examination for Examples

作　　者：江合佩[1] 单旭峰[2] 王春[3] Jiang Hepei;Shan Xufeng;Wang Chun

机构地区：[1]厦门市教育科学研究院,厦门361003 [2]教育部考试中心 [3]北京教育学院

出　　处：《教育测量与评价》2022年第3期86-99,共14页Educational Measurement and Evaluation

基　　金：国家教育考试科研规划重点课题“指向学科核心素养的高中学业水平选择性考试命题研究”(GJK2019014);福建省教育科学“十四五”规划课题“SOLO分类理论观照下的教育写作研究”(FJJKZX21-511)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：依据创造性思维的横向内容维度和纵向水平层次维度对2021年全国15套高考化学试题进行比较分析,探查试题在创造性思维考查方面的特点和规律。研究发现:各套试卷均从不同内容维度考查了创造性思维,其中“视觉表达”和“科学问题解决”占比较高,体现了试题的时代性和学科特质;从水平层次来看,“产生多样化想法”占比最高,试题考查整体比例基本合理,既注意整体难度的把控,又注意区分度的调控。为了进一步优化课堂教学,促进学生创造性思维的发展,中学化学教师可从以下4个方面着手:重视有效信息与学科必备知识的系统关联,提升文字表达能力;关注体验与过程,培育视觉表达能力;积极开展社会性科学议题项目化学习,提升社会问题解决能力;积极开展探究性教学,提升科学问题解决能力。Based on the horizontal content dimension and vertical level dimension of creative thinking,a comparative analysis of 15 sets of national college entrance examination questions in 2021 is carried out,and the characteristics and rules of the test questions in the examination of creative thinking are explored.The research found that the test questions are involved in all sets of test papers in the content dimension,and visual expression and scientific problem solving account for a higher proportion,reflecting the epochal and disciplinary characteristics of the test questions;the test questions have the highest proportion of diversified ideas in the level dimension,the overall proportion is basically reasonable,it is supposed to pay attention to the control of the overall difficulty and the regulation of the degree of differentiation.In order to further optimize classroom teaching and promote the development of students’creative thinking,we can start from the following four aspects:pay attention to the systematic correlation between effective information and the necessary knowledge of the subject,and improve the ability of written expression;focus on the experience and process,and cultivate the ability of visual expression;actively develop project-based learning of social science topics to enhance social problem solving skills;actively promote inquiry-based teaching to enhance scientific problem solving skills.

关 键 词：高考化学 创造性思维 创新素养 试题评析 

分 类 号：G632.474[文化科学—教育学]