新城镇化背景下流动儿童义务教育入学困境与出路  

The Dilemma and Outlet of Compulsory Education Enrollment for Migrant Children Under the Background of New Urbanization

作　　者：朱海涛 ZHU Haitao(Journal Editorial Department,Xuzhou Institute of Technology,Xuzhou,Jiangsu,221000,China)

机构地区：[1]徐州工程学院学报编辑部,江苏徐州221000

出　　处：《教育与教学研究》2022年第6期27-43,共17页Education and Teaching Research

基　　金：江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究基金(专题)项目“多元视域下大城市(II型)流动儿童入学困境及实现路径研究——以苏北地区为例”(编号:2020SJA1112);江苏省哲学社会科学应用研究精品工程课题“教育公平视域下江苏流动儿童义务教育入学问题研究”(编号:21SYB-038);江苏省第六批教育改革发展战略性与政策性研究课题重点基金项目“推进徐州市义务教育一体化、优质均衡发展”。

摘　　要：“两为主”政策出台后,流动儿童义务教育入学问题得以缓解,但并没有根本解决。新城镇化背景下,其困境表现为以流入地城市分类为特征的差异性新“症候”:“隐性”限制流动儿童入学,部分流动儿童返乡成为“留守儿童”;通过“购买民办学校服务”的形式回应“两为主”政策,“以公办学校为主”被弱化;疲于完成“两为主”政策,挫伤流入地政府积极性,教育质量受到影响。形成如此困境的深层原因为:城镇化政策对教育政策的限制、财政政策对教育政策的负面影响。综合教育改革的视域则为摆脱当下困境提供了可行性思路:通过顶层设计理顺教育政策和城镇化政策的关系、调整财政政策使流入地政府的责权更趋合理。After the introduction of the"two main"policy,the problem of compulsory education enrollment of migrant children has been alleviated,but it has not been fundamentally solved.Under the new background of urbanization,its dilemma is manifested in the differential new"symptoms"characterized by the classification of inflow cities.The specific manifestations are as follows:the enrollment of migrant children is"invisibly"restricted,some migrant children return home and become"left-behind children";The"public school-based"policy has been weakened by responding to the"two main"policy in the form of"purchasing private school services";Being tired of completing the"two main"policy,the enthusiasm of the inflow governments has been dampened,and the quality of education has been affected.The deep reasons for this dilemma are the restriction of urbanization policy on education policy and the negative impact of fiscal policy on education policy.The perspective of comprehensive education reform provides a feasible idea to get rid of the current dilemma:straighten out the relationship between education policy and urbanization policy through top-level design;adjust the fiscal policy to rationalize the responsibility and power of the local government.

关 键 词：新城镇化 流动儿童 义务教育 入学困境 教育政策 教育财政 

分 类 号：G522.3[文化科学—教育学]