技能生态视角下德国职业教育轨的高校升学制度变革  

Institutional Changes for Vocational Education Track into Higher Education in Germany from the Perspective of Skill Ecosystem

作　　者：郑建萍[1] Zheng Jianping(Tongji University,Shanghai 200062)

机构地区：[1]同济大学职业技术教育学院,上海201804

出　　处：《职业技术教育》2022年第10期66-72,共7页Vocational and Technical Education

基　　金：全国教育科学规划2 019年度教育部重点课题“技能生态视角下德国职业资格的融通机制及启示研究”(DJA190343),主持人:郑建萍。

摘　　要：职业教育轨的升学制度彰显了一国对技能及其习得路径的价值判断。它根植于教育、劳动和经济社会系统之间的相互依存关系之中,构成一国“技能生态”的关键节点。基于生态系统思路,在制度变迁过程中,德国职业教育轨的升学路径由学历补足变为普职资格等值升学。一方面,德国在基础教育阶段基于分流传统展开地方建构,中职教育的职业性原则在现代化进程中持续分化,高等教育中则引入多元主体引领资格错位竞争;另一方面,双元制的价值共识在技术变迁中持续遭遇挑战,但仍有坚实基础,职业资格助力主体融入和发展的产业优势和制度基础大体保持,但已遇窘境;而民众的教育选择则日益显示出由职业教育托底、经学术教育跃升的心理变化。在教育主体公平促进和社会技能需求均衡的双重诉求中,就技能的育人价值、实践品质、社会价值达成共识,对推动一国形成有利于技能发展的社会生态尤其重要。Progression system of vocational education track reveals a country’s value judgments about the meaning of skills and their acquisition pathways. It is rooted in the interdependence between education, labor and economic and social systems, and constitutes a key node in the“skill ecology”of a country. Based on the ecosystem approach, the process of institutional change and the socio-ecological basis of Germany is analyzed. On the one hand, the diversion tradition at the basic education stage become opener with local characteristic,the vocational principle of Middle VTE continues to be differentiated in the modernization process, and the introduction of multiple subjects and qualification in higher education. On the other hand, the value consensus of dual system continues to be challenged in the technological change, but still has a solid foundation, and the industrial advantage and institutional foundation of vocational qualification for the integration and development of subjects are largely maintained, but have encountered difficulties. In the twin demands of education justice promotion of subjects and balanced social skill needs, it is particularly important to reach a consensus on the nurturing value, practical quality and social value of skills in order to promote a social ecology, which is conducive to the development of skills in a country.

关 键 词：职业教育 升学 制度变革 技能生态 双元制 德国 

分 类 号：G719.516[文化科学—职业技术教育学]