博士生学术能力:内涵、框架与测量  

Academic Competence of Doctoral Students:Concept,Framework and Measurement

作　　者：何菲 朱志勇[2] HE Fei;ZHU Zhiyong(Graduate school of education,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;College of Education Administration,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学教育学院,北京100871 [2]北京师范大学教育管理学院,北京100875

出　　处：《重庆高教研究》2022年第4期103-117,共15页Chongqing Higher Education Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十三五”规划教育学一般课题“基于指导方式的博士培养质量研究”(BIA160119)。

摘　　要：新时代我国博士生教育重点在于提升教育质量并加强学术能力培养,但学术界既缺乏对博士生学术能力框架的实证研究,也缺乏相应量表的设计。基于混合研究方法,首先对政策文本、博士生访谈进行类属分析,然后分别对两次回收的博士生问卷数据进行统计分析,进而建构博士生学术能力的概念框架并编制量表。研究表明,博士生学术能力以知识为核心,是博士生在读期间发展并凝结在个体身上的知识储备、精神风貌与学术习惯。博士生学术能力包括知识掌握能力、知识运用能力、知识吸收能力、知识生产能力和知识传播能力,它们具有阶梯发展性、历史发展性与多元性、规范性与普遍性3类特征。基于此,编制了包含5个维度21个题项的博士生学术能力量表,此量表具有良好的信度、专家效度和建构效度,对评估博士生学术能力有一定的指导意义。In the new era,doctoral education in China mainly focuses on improving the quality of education and strengthening academic competence of doctoral students,but the academic community is lack of empirical research on the framework of doctoral academic ability and the design of corresponding scale.Based on mixed method research,thematic analysis of policy documents and interviews of doctoral students was initially conducted,then the questionnaire data of doctoral students collected twice were statistically analyzed.Eventually the conceptual framework of doctoral students’academic competence was constructed as well as its scales.Results show that the academic competence of doctoral students,which is centered on knowledge,forms individuals’knowledge reservoirs,demeanors and habitus that is developed and solidified during the process of doctoral study.It consists of five dimensions:the knowledge of mastery,utilization,internalization,production and diffusion,which have three characteristics:ladder development,historical development and diversity,standardization and universality.The doctoral academic ability scale with 21 items and 5 domains designed by the framework is reliable,expert-validated and construction-validated,so it can be of guiding significance to evaluate the academic competence of doctoral students.

关 键 词：学术能力 学术能力量表 博士生培养 研究生教育 

分 类 号：G643[文化科学—高等教育学]