2018-2021年河南省蛋类食品中31种兽药残留调查及健康风险评估  

Health risk assessment based on the survey of 31 veterinary drug residues in egg foods in Henan province from 2018 to 2021

作　　者：马青青[1] 张二鹏[1] 卢素格[1] 刘红丽[1] 翟志雷[1] 张洁[1] 苏永恒[1] 张利锋[1] MA Qingqing;ZHANG Erpeng;LU Suge;LIU Hongli;ZHAI Zhilei;ZHANG Jie;SU Yongheng;ZHANG Lifeng(Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhengzhou,Henan 450016,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省疾病预防控制中心,河南郑州450016

出　　处：《河南预防医学杂志》2022年第6期405-408,424,共5页Henan Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：河南省医学科技攻关计划(联合共建)项目(LHGJ20190698,LHGJ20190677,LHGJ20210164);河南省重点研发和推广专项(科技攻关)项目(212102311074);河南省食品安全风险监测与评价重点实验室。

摘　　要：目的了解河南省2018-2021年市售蛋类食品中31种兽药的污染状况,并评估蛋类食品中兽药残留的膳食暴露风险。方法在河南省18个地市的城区采集972份蛋类食品,采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测31种兽药残留,分析数据并进行蛋类食品中兽药残留的健康风险评估。结果972份样本中检出11种兽药残留,检出率7.2%,不合格率6.4%。兽药的检出率为大型超市<网店<便利店<农贸市场;豫东地区的检出率和不合格率明显高于豫西和豫中地区(χ^(2)=7.39,P=0.012;χ^(2)=7.98,P=0.042);蛋类食品中鸡蛋的检出率最高。检出的11种兽药慢性膳食暴露风险均较低(IFS均值<1),但以最大值暴露量评估的恩诺沙星(IFSmax=1.126)、氟苯尼考(IFSmax<9.246)和氟苯尼考胺(IFSmax<30.128)的急性暴露则有较高的健康风险。结论河南省蛋类食品中存在部分兽药残留情况,来源于蛋类食品的兽药残留量对人体健康危害较低,需警惕急性暴露量可能带来的健康风险。Objective To monitor the residues of 31 veterinary drugs in egg foods sold in Henan province from 2018 to 2021 and assess the dietary exposure risk of veterinary drug residues in egg foods.Methods A total of 972 samples from the urban areas of18 cities in Henan province were collected.The 31 kinds of veterinary drugs were detected by UPLC-MS/MS.The data were analyzed,and the health risk assessment of veterinary drug residues in egg foods was conducted.Results Of the 972 samples,11kinds of veterinary drugs residues were detected with the detection rate of 7.2%and the unqualified rate of 6.4%.The detection rate of veterinary drugs for the large supermarket<online shop<convenience store<farmers’market.The detection rate and unqualified rate in eastern Henan were significantly higher than those in western Henan and central Henan(χ~2=7.39,P=0.012;χ~2=7.98,P=0.042).Eggs had the highest detection rate in egg foods.The contamination status had a characteristic distribution in terms of region,sampling site,and food category.The dietary exposure risk of the 11 veterinary drugs detected was low(IFSaverage<1),but the maximum exposure of enrofloxacin(IFSmax=1.126),flubenicol(IFSmax<9.246)and flubenicamine(IFSmax<30.128)was at a high health risk.Conclusion There are residues of veterinary drugs in egg foods in Henan province,and the health risk level is low,but it is necessary to be alert to the health risks brought by acute exposure.

关 键 词：蛋类食品 兽药 健康风险评估 

分 类 号：S859.84[农业科学—临床兽医学]