中国近现代教育中的“白话文运动”及意义  

The“Vernacular Movement”of Modern Education in China and Its Significance

作　　者：张卫中 Zhang Weizhong

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学文学院,江苏徐州221100

出　　处：《广东社会科学》2022年第4期149-158,288,共11页Social Sciences in Guangdong

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国近现代文学语言变革史”(项目号15ZDB080)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中国近现代史上文白之变的根本原因是社会需要,文学需要白话,教育更需要白话,因而,在教育领域有过一个与文学中同样重要的白话文运动。近代以来,中国教育从精英教育向国民教育的转变是一个从理念到实践的根本转变,这个转变将文言置于一个十分不利的位置上;教育的现代化、大众化强烈地需要一种通俗、易学的书面语。正是在这样的背景下,教育领域自发萌动了一场语言变革,形成了中国近现代教育中的“白话文运动”。这个变革虽然也受益于胡适在文学领域中策动的白话文运动,但它是独立的、自主的,有自己的动机和谱系。套用胡适“国语的文学,文学的国语”的说辞,中国近现代史上也应当有一个“国语的教育,教育的国语”的问题。The fundamental reason for the change of the literary and vernacular in modern Chinese history is the social needs.Both literature and education need vernacular.Therefore,there was a vernacular move⁃ment in the field of education as well.Since modern times,the transformation of Chinese education from elite education to national education has been a fundamental change from concept to practice,which put classical Chinese into a very unfavorable position.A popular and easy⁃to⁃learn written language was need⁃ed for the modernization and popularization of education.It is against this background that the field of ed⁃ucation spontaneously sprouted the need for language reform,forming the vernacular movement in modern Chinese education.Although this change also benefits from the vernacular movement instigated by Hu Shi in the literary field,it is independent,autonomous,and has its own motivation and genealogy.There should be a problem of“Mandarin education,Mandarin of education”in modern Chinese history,which originates from Hu Shi’s theory of“Mandarin literature,Mandarin of literature.”

关 键 词：现代教育 白话文运动 学制 教科书 

分 类 号：G40[文化科学—教育学原理] H0[文化科学—教育学]