11种食用植物油的脂肪酸组成及主要营养成分含量  

Fatty Acid Composition and Main Nutritional Components of 11 Edible Vegetable Oils

作　　者：余顺波[1,2] 陈长艳 张品[1,2] 温贺[1] 李风华 杜才富[1] YU Shunbo;CHEN Changyan;ZHANG Pin;WEN He;LI Fenghua;DU Caifu(Guizhou Rape Institute,Guiyang,Guizhou 550008;Guizhou Youyan Chunxiang Ecological Grain&Oil Technology co.,ltd.,Sinan,Guizhou 565109,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省油菜研究所,贵州贵阳550008 [2]贵州油研纯香生态粮油科技有限公司,贵州思南565109

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2022年第7期113-120,共8页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目“紫苏籽低温冷榨提质增效关键技术研究与应用”[黔科合支撑(2021)一般128];贵州省动植物育种专项“早熟轻简型油菜新品种油研早18的试验示范与推广应用”[黔农育专字(2016)013];贵州省油菜现代农业产业技术体系建设任务书项目“栽培与加工功能实验室”(GZCYTX2020-0802);贵州省农业科学院青年基金项目“紫苏饼粕饲料对供试鱼类长势及肉质的影响”[黔农科院青年基金(2019)28]。

摘　　要：【目的】探明不同食用植物油的脂肪酸组成及主要营养成分含量,为消费者针对性地选择食用植物油提供指导,并为油脂加工企业生产推广食用油提供数据参考。【方法】采用气相色谱法测定普通菜籽油、双低菜籽油、橄榄油、大豆油、山茶油、玉米油、葵花油、棕榈油、调和油、花生油和冷榨紫苏油11种常见食用植物油中脂肪酸、甾醇含量,采用液相色谱法测定维生素E含量。【结果】棕榈油的饱和脂肪酸含量为45.32%,属饱和脂肪酸类食用油;山茶油、橄榄油、普通菜籽油、双低菜籽油、花生油的单不饱和脂肪酸含量分别为81.90%、76.21%、66.90%、64.57%、44.74%,属单不饱和脂肪酸类食用油;葵花油、玉米油、大豆油、调和油ω-6的类亚油酸含量分别为56.53%、56.82%、54.00%、45.58%,属多不饱和脂肪酸亚油酸类食用油;冷榨紫苏油ω-3的亚麻酸含量为65.89%,属多不饱和脂肪酸亚麻酸类食用油。冷榨紫苏油的维生素E含量最高,达91.30 mg/100g;玉米油的植物甾醇含量最高,为749 mg/100g;棕榈油、橄榄油及花生油甾醇含量均低于92.70 mg/100g。【结论】双低菜籽油、普通菜籽油单不饱和脂肪酸含量高于64%,且ω-6与ω-3比例接近2∶1,是11种植物油中脂肪酸组成最均衡的食用油。冷榨紫苏油属于低亚油酸高亚麻酸类食用油,其维生素E和甾醇含量相对丰富,配合其他食用油使用可解决我国膳食油脂肪酸组成及营养不均衡问题。【Objective】To provide a basis for consumers to choose different edible oils,and data reference for oil processing enterprises to produce and promote edible oils,the fatty acid composition and main nutritional components of 11 common edible oils are analyzed.【Methods】The fatty acid composition,and sterol content of 11 kinds of common edible vegetable oils,including common rapeseed oil,double low rapeseed oil,olive oil,soybean oil,camellia oil,corn oil,sunflower oil,palm oil,blended oil,peanut oil and cold-pressed perilla oil,were determined by gas chromatography.The content of vitamin E was determined by liquid chromatography.【Result】Palm oil is a saturated fatty acid oil with the content of 45.32%.Camellia oil,olive oil,common rapeseed oil,double-low rapeseed oil and peanut oil are monounsaturated fatty acid edible oils with contents of 81.90%,76.21%,66.90%,64.57%,and 44.74%,respectively.Sunflower oil,corn oil,soybean oil and blended oil are polyunsaturated fatty acid of linoleic acid edible oils.The contents ofω-6 oleic acid are 56.53%,56.82%,54.00%,and 45.58%,respectively,while theω-3 linolenic acid content of cold-pressed perilla oil is 65.89%,which is a polyunsaturated fatty acid of linolenic acid edible oil.Cold-pressed perilla oil has the highest vitamin E content(91.30 mg/100g).The highest sterol content is found in corn oil(749 mg/100g),while the sterol content in palm oil,olive oil and peanut oil are lower than 92.70 mg/100g.【Conclusion】The content of monounsaturated fatty acids in double-low rapeseed oi and common rapeseed oil are both higher than 64%,and the ratio ofω-6 toω-3 is close to 2:1,indicating that they are the most naturally balanced edible oil with optimal fatty acid composition among 11 vegetable oils.Cold-pressed perilla oil belongs to low linoleic acid and high linolenic acid edible oils,as its vitamin E and sterol content are relatively abundant,which can be used with other edible oil to solve the problem of fatty acid composition and nutritional imbalance in dietary

关 键 词：食用植物油 脂肪酸组成 营养 成分 

分 类 号：TS225.1[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]