行动科学视域中教育学的学科性质新论  

A New Explanation of the Subject Nature of Pedagogy in the Perspective of Action Sciences

作　　者：王成军 Wang Chengjun(School of Education,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang Jiangxi 330022,China)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学教育学院

出　　处：《中国教育科学（中英文）》2022年第2期68-78,共11页Education Sciences in China

摘　　要：在自然科学、社会科学和人文科学的知识分类框架中,教育学的学科性质存在无法克服的分类困境。“独立科学说”和“设计科学说”虽挣脱了传统的科学三分框架藩篱,在新的视域下揭示教育学的学科性质,但它们忽视了教育的行动本性,也没有解决好教育学的归属问题。想要重新认识教育学的学科性质,需要对教育学的知识传统进行反思,揭示它们和行动科学观之间的关系,并在新的科学分类框架中找到教育学的位置。行动科学是研究分化的人类行动形式的科学,教育学的知识传统中隐含着行动科学观的内容。根据研究对象和知识功能两个要素,可以把科学划分为形式科学、行动科学和诠释科学。由于教育是人类行动分化的基本形式之一,教育学以教育行动为研究对象,教育学知识的功能是描述、解释、反思和指导教育行动。因此,在新的科学分类框架下,教育学属于行动科学。In the framework of knowledge classification of natural sciences,social sciences and humanities,the viewpoints on the subject nature of pedagogy have insurmountable classification dilemmas.“Independent science doctrines” and “design science doctrines” break away from the traditional tripartite framework of science and reveal the disciplinary nature of pedagogy in a new perspective,but they ignore the action nature of education and fail to solve the problem of belonging of pedagogy.In order to rethink the subject nature of pedagogy,it is necessary to reflect on the knowledge traditions of general pedagogy,pedagogy of spiritual science,pedagogy of empirical science,critical pedagogy and pragmatic pedagogy,reveal the relationship between them and the view of action sciences,and find the position for pedagogy in the new frame of scientific classification.Action sciences are a science that studies the differentiated forms of human action.The knowledge tradition of pedagogy contains the content of action sciences idea.According to the two elements of research object and knowledge function,science can be divided into formal sciences,action sciences and interpretive sciences.Under the new scientific classification framework,pedagogy belongs to action sciences.The reason is that education is one of the basic forms of differentiated human action,research object of pedagogy is educational action,and the function of pedagogical knowledge is to describe,explain,reflect and guide educational action.

关 键 词：教育学 学科性质 行动科学 知识传统 科学分类框架 

分 类 号：G40-03[文化科学—教育学原理]