水酶法提取栀子油工艺优化及其脂肪酸组成  

Optimization of extraction of Gardenia jasminoides oil by aqueous enzymatic method and its fatty acid composition

作　　者：曹秋霞 梁文斌[1] 杨艳[2,3] 汤玉喜[3] 唐洁[3] 黎蕾 黄锋 CAO Qiuxia;LIANG Wenbin;YANG Yan;TANG Yuxi;TANG Jie;LI Lei;HUANG Feng(College of Life Science and Technology Central South Forestry University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410004,China;State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource,Hunan Academy of Forestry,Changsha 410004,China;Hunan Academy of Forestry,Changsha 410004,China;Baixiang Forestry Workstation of Yueyang County Forestry Bureau Yueyang 414100,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学生命科学与技术学院,长沙410004 [2]湖南省林业科学院省部共建木本油料资源利用国家重点实验室,长沙410004 [3]湖南省林业科学院,长沙410004 [4]岳阳县林业局柏祥林业工作站,湖南岳阳414100

出　　处：《中国油脂》2022年第7期22-27,共6页China Oils and Fats

基　　金：重大标志性创新示范工程项目(2019XK2002)。

摘　　要：为促进栀子的开发利用,以栀子成熟果实为原料,采用水酶法提取栀子油。采用单因素实验研究酶种类、加酶量、酶解pH、酶解温度、液料比、酶解时间对栀子油得率的影响,在此基础上采用均匀设计实验进行工艺条件优化,并对各种酶提取的栀子油进行脂肪酸组成分析。结果表明:水酶法提取栀子油的最佳工艺条件为采用中性蛋白酶、加酶量0.7%、液料比3∶1、酶解pH 7、酶解温度60℃、酶解时间7 h,在此条件下栀子油得率为7.27%,与空白组(3.34%)相比提高了117.66%;栀子油中亚油酸含量最高,超过56%,不饱和脂肪酸含量为80%左右。不同酶提取栀子油的脂肪酸组成及含量没有显著差异。In order to promote the development and utilization of Gardenia jasminoides, With the mature fruit of Gardenia jasminoides as raw material, the oil was extracted by aqueous enzymatic method. The effects of enzyme species, enzyme dosage, enzymatic hydrolysis pH, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature, liquid-material ratio and enzymatic hydrolysis time on the yield of Gardenia jasminoides oil were studied by single factor experiment. The process parameters were optimized by uniform design on the basis of single factor experiment. The fatty acid composition of Gardenia jasminoides oil extracted by different enzymes was analyzed. The results showed that the optimal process conditions were obtained as follows: with neutral protease for enzymolysis, enzyme dosage 0.7%, liquid-material ratio 3∶1, enzymatic hydrolysis pH 7, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 60℃ and enzymatic hydrolysis time 7 h. Under these conditions, the yield of Gardenia jasminoides oil was 7.27%, which was 117.66% higher than that of control(3.34%). The linoleic acid content in Gardenia jasminoides oil was the highest, exceeding 56%, and unsaturated fatty acids content was about 80%. There was no significant difference in the fatty acid composition and content of Gardenia jasminoides oils extracted by different enzymes.

关 键 词：栀子果实 栀子油 水酶法 均匀设计 脂肪酸组成 

分 类 号：TS225.1[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程] TS224[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]