以任务为中心的教学策略  

A Task-centered Instructional Strategy

作　　者：戴维.梅里尔 盛群力(译)[4] M.David Merrill;SHENG Qunli(Florida State University,Tallahassee,Florida,USA 32306;Brigham Young University-Hawaii,Oahu,Hawaii,USA 96786;Utah State University,Logan,Utah,USA 84322;College of Education,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China 310028)

机构地区：[1]佛罗里达州立大学,美国佛罗里达州塔拉哈西32306 [2]杨百翰大学夏威夷分校,美国夏威夷州欧胡96786 [3]犹他州立大学,美国犹他州洛根84322 [4]浙江大学教育学院,浙江杭州310028

出　　处：《数字教育》2022年第4期84-92,共9页Digital Education

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“基于智能教学系统的精准教学模式与发生机制研究”(61977057)。

摘　　要：在回顾教学设计模式的基础上,先前的论文提出了首要教学原理。首要教学原理确定了一个由激活旧知、示证新知、应用新知和融会贯通组成的教学循环圈。这些教学阶段最好在现实生活的任务中实施。一种波纹环状的教学开发方法提出了“以任务为中心、内容为优先”的教学设计程序,并在最终的教学产品中贯彻这些首要教学原理。本文阐述了该教学设计模式的成分分析和教学策略,亦整合了以往成分呈现理论的教学策略以及知识对象的内容成分。教学策略包括了将策略成分应用于不同的知识成分,使学习者能够看到它们之间的相互关系以及自身与整体的关系。这样的教学策略是一种以任务为中心的指导性方法,与以学习者为中心的问题型教学设计方法有所不同。本文还阐述了成分分析和任务中心教学策略的具体应用实例。Based on a review of instructional design models,previous papers identified first principles of instruction.These principles prescribe a cycle of instruction consisting of activation,demonstration,application,and integration.These instructional phases are best implemented in the context of real-world tasks.A Pebble-in-the-Pond approach to instructional development prescribes a task-centered,content-first instructional design procedure,which implements these first principles in the resulting instructional products.This conceptual paper elaborates the component analysis and instructional strategy phases of this instructional design model.This paper also integrates previous instructional strategy prescriptions from Component Display Theory with the content components of knowledge objects.The strategy for teaching within the context of a whole task consists of applying strategy components to these various knowledge components in a way that enables learners to see their inter-relationships and their relationship to the whole.The resulting instructional strategy is a guided task-centered approach as contrasted with more learner-centered problem-based approaches to instructional design.The application of this component analysis and task-centered instructional strategy is illustrated.

关 键 词：波纹环状教学设计 首要教学原理 成分呈现理论 知识对象 任务中心教学 完整任务教学 任务进阶 知能成分 成分分析 教学策略 

分 类 号：G4[文化科学—教育学]