俄罗斯天才儿童教育管理体系构建:基于高校天才儿童支持与发展机构的实践  

The Construction of Educational Management System for Gifted Children in Russia: Based on the Practice of Gifted Development Centres in Universities

作　　者：李静[1] 李明眸 LI Jing;LI Mingmou(School of Pre-schoo Edueation,Beijing Inetilute of Education,Beijing,10009;School of Environment and Development,Univeraity of Manchester,Manchester,MI39PL)

机构地区：[1]北京教育学院学前教育学院,北京100009 [2]英国曼彻斯特大学环境与发展学院,曼彻斯特M139PL

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2022年第6期68-77,共10页Chinese Journal of Special Education

基　　金：北京市教育委员会科研计划2019年度社科重点项目“基于幼儿学习品质视角的亲职者胜任力研究”(SZ201950061031);北京教育学院2021年重点关注项目“学前教育质量提升背景下教师融合教育实施能力研究”(ZDGZ2018-13)的成果之一。

摘　　要：俄罗斯联邦将天才儿童视为提高其国际竞争力的重要保障。20世纪70年代至今,俄罗斯学者不断探索天才儿童教育,并获得了丰厚的成果,为天才儿童教育管理体系的建设提供了科学依据。俄罗斯天才儿童教育管理体系以师范类高校设立的天才儿童支持与发展机构为核心机构,本文以发展较为完备的阿尔泰国立师范大学设立的天资开发中心为例,介绍该中心内循环和外循环两个系统的结构和功能。俄罗斯天才儿童教育管理体系的特征主要体现为天才儿童教育与管理的系统性、师资培养与调配的统筹性、教育机构与文体保健和医疗机构合作的协同性。俄罗斯天才儿童教育管理体系实现了天才儿童发现、筛选、鉴别、教育与评价的系统化,为天才儿童成长与发展提供了个性化的持续支持。The Russian Federation sees gifted children as an important guarantee for its international competitiveness. Since the 1970 s, Russian scholars have been exploring gifted children cultivation and obtained fruitful results, providing a scientific basis for the construction of a training system for gifted children. The Russian cultivating system of gifted children is based on Gifted Development Centres in normal universities. This paper introduces the structure and function of two systems set up in Altai National Normal University: the internal and external cycles of the Gifted Development Centre. The system is characterised by a systematic approach to the education and management of gifted children, a coordinated approach to the training and deployment of teachers, and a synergistic approach to the cooperation between educational institutions and cultural, sports, health and medical institutions. The development of cultivating system of gifted children has resulted in the systematic identification, screening, identification, education and evaluation of gifted children, providing personalised and continuous support for the growth and development of gifted children.

关 键 词：天才儿童 超常儿童 教育管理体系 俄罗斯 

分 类 号：G763[文化科学—特殊教育学]