基于轮对吸振器的城市轨道车轮减振研究  

Study on vibration reduction of urban rail wheels based on wheel-set dynamic vibration absorber

作　　者：文永蓬 游浩明[2] 宗志祥 周伟浩 WEN Yong-peng;YOU Hao-ming;ZONG Zhi-xiang;ZHOU Wei-hao(State Key Laboratory of Traction Power,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031;School of Urban Railway Transportation,Shanghai University of Engineering Science,Shanghai 201620;Vehicle Branch of Shanghai Metro Maintenance and Guarantee Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200235)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,四川成都610031 [2]上海工程技术大学城市轨道交通学院,上海201620 [3]上海地铁维护保障有限公司车辆分公司,上海200235

出　　处：《机械设计》2022年第7期32-39,共8页Journal of Machine Design

基　　金：西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室开放课题(TPL2103);国家自然科学基金项目(11472176);上海市自然科学基金项目(15ZR1419200)。

摘　　要：以减少城市轨道车辆的轮对垂向振动为目的,建立了包含轮对吸振器的车辆-轨道耦合模型,提出了一种新颖的采用轮对吸振器的车轮减振方法。通过对轮对吸振器曲轴反“U”字形的设计实现了吸振器可安装在轮对上的物理模型,并对轮对吸振器的参数进行理论设计,讨论了吸振器的质量比对其减振性能的影响。利用轮对垂向振动加速度及轮轨动作用力指标分析采用吸振器前后轮对的垂向振动特性,获得了轮对吸振器的减振效果;根据城市轨道交通车辆运行速度变化频繁的特点,获得了不同速度工况下吸振器的减振效果。研究结果表明:在车辆速度为80 km/h的运行条件下,轮对垂向振动峰值频率处的减振效果可达39.2%;在其他速度工况下,轮轨动作用力都被很好地抑制,并且车速越高,吸振器的减振效果越明显。因此,轮对吸振器能够有效降低轮对的垂向振动,改善轮轨相互关系,具有较好的减振效果,对于提高城市轨道车辆运行的平稳性具有一定参考价值。In this article,in order to reduce wheel-set vertical vibration of urban rail vehicles,the vehicle-track coupling model including the wheel-set dynamic vibration absorber is set up,and on this basis a new method of vibration reduction is put forward.Through the anti U-shaped design of the wheel-set dynamic vibration absorber’s crankshaft,the physical model of the dynamic vibration absorber is installed on the wheel pair,and its parameters are theoretically designed.Then,the influence of the dynamic vibration absorber’s mass ratio on its damping performance is explored.Thus,the dynamic vibration absorber is subject to the parameter design.Before and after the dynamic vibration absorber is adopted,the vertical-vibration characteristics of the wheel set are compared.The vibration-reduction effect of the dynamic vibration absorber is identified.According to the characteristics of the frequent change of the running speed of urban rail vehicles,the vibration-absorption effect of the dynamic vibration absorber with different speed conditions is worked out.The results show that with the speed of 80 km/h,the vibration-reduction effect at the peak frequency of wheel-set vertical vibration reaches 39.2%;with other speed conditions,the wheel-rail force is well suppressed.In addition,the higher the speed,the more obvious the vibration-reduction effect of the dynamic vibration absorber.Thus,thanks to the dynamic vibration absorber,wheel-set vertical vibration reduces significantly and wheel-rail interaction improves,with good effect of vibration reduction.This study provides reference for improving the running stability of urban rail vehicles.

关 键 词：车轨耦合 垂向振动 轮对吸振器 减振 轮轨作用力 

分 类 号：U270.2[机械工程—车辆工程]