中英小学数学教材中“图形的运动”难度比较研究  

Research on the Comparison of the Difficulty of“Graphic Motion”in Chinese and British Primary Mathematics Textbooks

作　　者：俞蓉 赵世恩[2] YU Rong;ZHAO Shi-en(Primary School Affiliated to the High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China,Beijing 100086,China;Elementary Education College,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学附属中学实验小学,北京100086 [2]首都师范大学初等教育学院,北京100048

出　　处：《数学教育学报》2022年第6期80-86,共7页Journal of Mathematics Education

基　　金：北京市海淀区教育科学“十四五”规划课题——基于单元整合的小学分数概念学习现状调查与实践研究(HDGH20211376)。

摘　　要：“图形的运动”(对称、平移、旋转)知识模块是培养学生空间观念的重要组成部分.以中国人教版小学教材和英国NPM教材为比较对象,考察“图形的运动”这部分内容的难度.首先,考虑到学生所处年级对课程难度的影响,对已有课程难度模型做了适当改进;其次,利用改进后的模型对两版教材中这一知识模块进行定量分析与比较,发现英国NPM教材呈现出虽广而深却不难的特点,即课程难度在课程深度与课程广度两维度上更加平衡;最后,在此定量分析结果基础之上,发现英国NPM教材具有渗透性广、辐射性广、递进性强与连贯性强4个特点.The“graphic motion”(including symmetry,translation and rotation)is an important part of cultivating students’spatial concept.By comparing the primary school textbooks published respectively by the People’s Education Press of China(PEP)and the Harper Collins Publishers of the UK(NPM),this paper investigates the setting of“graphic motion”in terms of textbook content and the degree of curriculum difficulty.Firstly,in order to compare the two textbooks better,the existing quantitative model of degree of curriculum difficulty is improved appropriately,particularly considering the influence of students’grades on curriculum difficulty.Secondly,the improved model is used to quantitatively analyze and compare the degree of curriculum difficulty of the two textbooks,and it is found that NPM textbooks are broader and easier than PEP in terms of content,and it reaches a kind of balance between its curriculum depth and curriculum breadth.Finally,a qualitative analysis of the two textbooks shows that the NPM textbook has four characteristics,which could give us some implications in compiling textbooks:broad permeation,broad radiation,progressive and deep coherence.

关 键 词：小学数学教材 空间观念 对称 平移 旋转 课程难度 比较研究 

分 类 号：G40–059.3[文化科学—教育学原理]