中温大曲陈放前后的理化性质及菌群结构差异  

Differences in the physicochemical properties and microbial community structure of medium-temperature Daqu before and after aging

作　　者：何佳欢 柴丽娟 张龙云[3] 高涛 陆震鸣[1,2] 许正宏 HE Jiahuan;CHAI Lijuan;ZHANG Longyun;GAO Tao;LU Zhenming;XU Zhenghong(Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education,School of Biotechnology,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China;National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China;Jiangsu Yanghe Distillery Co.Ltd.,Suqian 223800,China)

机构地区：[1]江南大学生物工程学院,工业生物技术教育部重点实验室,无锡214122 [2]江南大学粮食发酵工艺与技术国家工程实验室,无锡214122 [3]江苏洋河酒厂股份有限公司,宿迁223800

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2022年第5期1304-1311,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1603800、2018YFC1603802);国家自然科学基金项目(31771967);中国博士后科学基金项目(2020M671407);国家轻工技术与工程一流学科自主课题(LITE2018-11)资助。

摘　　要：为认识陈放前后中温大曲不同部位的理化指标、挥发性化合物和微生物群落结构的差异,采用行业标准测定大曲的理化性质,采用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱质谱联用技术(HS-SPME-GC-MS)测定大曲挥发性化合物,采用高通量测序技术分析大曲微生物群落结构,并利用冗余分析(redundancy analysis,RDA)分析群落结构与理化指标、挥发性化合物的相关性.结果表明,陈放前后中温大曲纤维素酶活、吡嗪类化合物、酚类化合物和细菌多样性差异较大.与发酵结束一周的新曲相比,陈放6个月的中温大曲内部、外部、混合样中纤维素酶活分别升高了1.11、1.22和1.19倍(P <0.05),大曲外部吡嗪类与酚类化合物含量增加了2.74与6.54倍,大曲混合样中吡嗪类与酚类含量增加了2.95与2.51倍.陈放6个月的大曲内部Thermoactinomyces(高温放线菌属)相对丰度从陈放前的4.31%升高至47.90%,大曲外部Bacillus(芽孢杆菌属)从30.93%升高至77.51%,Thermoascus(热子囊菌属)从56.03%升高至84.53%,大曲混合样中Bacillus相对丰度从35.66%升高至72.59%. RDA表明细菌中Weissella(魏斯氏菌属)和Lactobacillus(乳杆菌属)与纤维素酶活呈负相关,2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪、川芎嗪和4-乙烯基愈创木酚含量与Bacillus的相对丰度呈正相关,与Weissella和Kroppenstedtia呈负相关. Aspergillus(曲霉属)与蛋白酶、纤维素酶、己酸乙酯和己醇呈正相关,与川芎嗪和2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪呈负相关. Thermoactinomyces与2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪、川芎嗪和4-乙烯基愈创木酚呈正相关,与己醇和己酸乙酯呈负相关.本研究揭示的中温大曲陈放前后酶活、微生物组成和风味物质含量差异结果对大曲的科学陈化和使用具有一定意义.This study aimed to explore the differences in physicochemical indices, volatile compounds, and microbial community structure of medium-temperature Daqu that was aged for one week and six months.Headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to determine volatile compounds in medium-temperature Daqu. High-throughput sequencing was used to analyze the microbial community structure of Daqu, and the correlation among the microbial community, physicochemical indices, and volatile compounds was analyzed using redundancy analysis.After six months of storage, the cellulase activity inside Daqu increased by 1.11 times, the activity outside Daqu increased by 1.22 times, and that of mixed samples increased by 1.19 times(P < 0.05). The contents of pyrazines and phenols outside Daqu increased by 2.74 and 6.54 times, and that of pyrazines and phenols in Daqu mixed samples increased by 2.95 and 2.51 times. The relative abundance of Thermoactinomyces inside Daqu increased from 4.31% to 47.90%, that of Bacillus outside Daqu increased from 30.93% to 77.51%,that of Thermoascus outside Daqu increased from 56.03% to 84.53%, and that of Bacillus mixed samples in Daqu increased from 35.66% to 72.59%. Further, redundancy analysis(RDA) analysis indicated that the succession of Weissella and Lactobacillus negatively correlated with the change in cellulase activity, while 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine, ligustrazine, and 4-vinyl guaiacol positively correlated with Bacillus and negatively correlated with Weissella and Kroppenstedtia. Aspergillus positively correlated with protease, cellulase,ethyl caproate, and hexanol, and negatively correlated with ligustrazine and 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine.Thermoactinomyces positively correlated with 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine, ligustrazine, and 4-vinyl guaiacol and negatively correlated with hexanol and ethyl caproate. The storage process had a significant influence on the enzyme activity, volatile substances, and microbial community structure of Da

关 键 词：中温大曲 理化性质 挥发性物质 微生物群落结构 

分 类 号：TS261.11[轻工技术与工程—发酵工程]