陈鹤琴与福禄培尔儿童游戏思想之比较  

A Comparison of Chen Heqin’s and Froebel’s Thoughts on Children’s Games

作　　者：肖林根 谭祥花[3] 王卫华 XIAO Lingen;TAN Xianghua;WANG Weihua(Department of Pre-school Education,Zhanjiang Preschool Education College,Zhanjiang,Guangdong,524037,China;School of Education Science,Hunan Normal University,Changsha,Hunan,410081,China;College of Education Science,Guangdong Preschool Normal College in Maoming,Maoming,Guangdong,525000,China)

机构地区：[1]湛江幼儿师范专科学校学前教育系,广东湛江524037 [2]湖南师范大学教育科学学院,湖南长沙410081 [3]广东茂名幼儿师范专科学校教育科学学院,广东茂名525000

出　　处：《教育与教学研究》2023年第1期14-26,共13页Education and Teaching Research

基　　金：广东省高校青年创新人才项目(人文社科)“科学—人文教育的初步探讨”(编号:2018GWQNCX160);湖南师范大学学位与研究生教育改革研究项目“运用课堂体验提高教学质量的理论与实践模式探索”(编号:20JG05)。

摘　　要：陈鹤琴与福禄培尔都是儿童游戏的重要倡导者,他们在儿童游戏本质、目的、价值内容和实施等方面表现出一定的共识,即都认为游戏是儿童自然天性的某种表现,以引导儿童成为某种特定的人为目的,具有促进儿童成长的多方面价值,且游戏形式和内容应丰富多元,组织和实施应切合儿童身心发展实际,并提供必要的支持或指导。但二者对儿童游戏本质、目的、价值、内容和实施等的具体认识又不尽相同。陈鹤琴解释游戏为儿童的生命,而福禄培尔描述游戏为卷入上帝精神的儿童内在本质的自发表现;陈鹤琴预设游戏目的为引导儿童做现代中国人,而福禄培尔设想游戏目的为展现上帝精神,培养儿童成为自觉的、自由行动的、有思想的人;陈鹤琴关注游戏发展儿童全面素质的意义,而福禄培尔偏重游戏发育儿童创造力的价值;陈鹤琴的游戏呈现较多的具象性,而福禄培尔的游戏呈现较多的精神性;陈鹤琴的游戏实施兼顾计划性和变通性,而福禄培尔的游戏组织展露条规化特点。通过多维对照陈鹤琴与福禄培尔儿童游戏思想,从中获得的认识是:游戏的发生与存在是基于儿童自然天性的一种人为创设,尊重儿童以游戏心、好奇心为内核的自然天性,有计划且不失灵活地设计和组织兼具适切性、丰富性、整体性、伦理性、教育性的儿童游戏,能更好地促进儿童成长和发展。Chen Heqin and Froebel are both important advocates of children’s games.There are many differences in their views on the nature, purpose, value, content and implementation of children’s games.At the same time, they show a certain consensus in the corresponding aspects of children’s games, namely both of them believe that games are related to children’s natural nature, aim at guiding children to become a specific human, and have multi-faceted value in promoting children’s growth.Moreover, the form and content of the games should be rich and diverse, the organization and implementation should be carried out in line with the actual physical and mental development of children, and necessary support or guidance should be provided.However, the two have different understanding of the nature, purpose, value, content and implementation of children’s games.Chen Heqin explains that the game is the life of children, while Froebel describes it as a spontaneous expression of the inner nature of children involved in the spirit of God;Chen Heqin presupposes that the purpose of the game is to guide children to be modern Chinese, while Froebel envisions that the purpose of the game is to show the spirit of God and to train children to become conscious, free-acting and thoughtful people.Chen Heqin pays attention to the significance of games to develop children’s overall quality, while Froebbels pays more attention to the value of games to develop children’s creativity;Chen Heqin’s games are more concrete, while Froebel’s games are more spiritual;Chen Heqin’s games implementation takes into account both planning and flexibility, while Froebel’s games organization shows the characteristics of regulation.Through the multi-dimensional comparison of Chen Heqin’s and Froepel’s thoughts of children’s games, we can understand that the occurrence and existence of the game is an artificial creation based on the natural nature of children, which respects children’s natural nature with the playfulness and curios

关 键 词：陈鹤琴 福禄培尔 儿童 儿童游戏 游戏思想 

分 类 号：G610[文化科学—学前教育学]