基于微生物组扩增子ITS的茯砖茶发花特征真菌菌群演替规律分析  

Analysis on the Evolutionary Changes of Fungus Fermentation with the Characteristics of Fu Brick Tea Based on Microbiome Amplicator ITS

作　　者：姚衡斌 马敬宜 冯瀚瀚 赵仁亮[1] Yao Hengbin;Ma Jingyi;Feng Hanhan;Zhao Renliang(Department of Tea,College of Horticulture,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学园艺学院茶学系,郑州450046

出　　处：《中国食品学报》2023年第1期306-317,共12页Journal of Chinese Institute Of Food Science and Technology

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(222102110365)。

摘　　要：茯砖茶是一种微生物参与发酵的黑茶。菌花香是茯砖茶独特的香气品质,其成因可能与发花过程中的真菌演替有关。为揭示茯砖茶发花特征真菌菌群演替规律,以薮北种茶树为原料制成黑茶与白茶,之后同时、同地发花分别制成茯砖茶与白茶砖。采用微生物组扩增子ITS分析发花过程中真菌演替规律。结果表明:1)不同茶类在发花过程中的特征真菌丰度的变化规律不同。2)渥堆改变了茯砖茶的菌群结构及微生物生长环境,导致茯砖茶与其它茶类的发花真菌菌群演替有差异。3)茯砖茶发花特征真菌菌群演替规律:茯砖茶发花前期,由渥堆影响丰度较高的黑曲霉、局限曲霉、萨氏曲霉、岐皱青霉、西兰花青霉、汉逊德巴利酵母等在发花6 d出现丰度峰。发花第9天散囊菌属、卡利比克迈耶氏酵母、海洋嗜杀酵母等真菌出现丰度峰,黑曲霉、汉逊德巴利酵母、局限曲霉维持丰度;发花12 d假灰绿曲霉出现丰度峰,黑曲霉维持丰度。第22天发花结束,散囊菌属最终成为优势菌种。Fu brick tea is a kind of dark tea fermented with microorganisms.The fungal potpourri is the brick tea unique aroma quality,formed with fermentation is directly related to fungi flora succession.To reveal the characteristics of fungi flora of Fu brick tea fermentation succession law,the dark tea and white tea were made from Yabukita tea Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Ktze from Shenlin Tea Industry Development Co.,Ltd.,Luoshan County,Xinyang City,Henan Province.After that,the Fu brick tea and white tea brick are respectively made from flowers in the same place.Microbiome amplifiers ITS(Internally Transcribed Spacer)were used to analyze the succession law of fungus with fermentation characteristics of Fu brick tea.The results showed that:1)There was no significant difference in the fungal diversity of different tea species during the fermentation process,but the difference was caused by the different variation rules of characteristic fungal abundance.2)The piles-fermentation changes the flora structure and microbial growth environment of Fu brick tea,which directly leads to the significant difference in the flora succession of fermentation fungi between Fu brick tea and other types of tea.3)Succession law of fungus flora with fermentation characteristics of Fu brick tea:In the early stage of Fu brick tea blossoming,Aspergillus_niger,Aspergillus_restrictus,Aspergillus_sydowii,Penicillium_steckii,Penicillium_brocae,Debaryomyces_hansenii with higher abundance affected by piles-fermentation,showed abundance peak on the 6thday of fermentation.After that,on the 9thday of fermentation,the abundance peaks of Eurotium,Meyerozyma_caribbica,Wickerhamomyces_anomalus,and other fungi appeared.Aspergillus_niger,Debaryomyces_hansenii,Aspergillus_restrictus maintains abundance.On the 12thday of fermentation,Aspergillus_pseudoglaucus had its peak abundance,Aspergillus_niger continued to maintain its abundance.By the end of fermentation day 22,Eurotium was finally the dominant species.

关 键 词：微生物组扩增子ITS 发花 茶叶发酵 黑茶与白茶 

分 类 号：TS272[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]