美国基于标准的个别化教育计划实践与启示  

The Practice of Standards-Based Individualized Education Program in the United States and Its Enlightenment

作　　者：谌小猛 傅王倩[2] CHEN Xiaomeng;FU Wangqian(Department of Special Education,South China Normal University,Guangzhou,510631;School of Special Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing,100875)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学特殊教育学院,广州510631 [2]北京师范大学特殊教育学院,北京100875

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2022年第12期80-87,22,共9页Chinese Journal of Special Education

基　　金：2021年度广东省教学质量与教学改革工程立项项目“基于U-S合作的特殊教育课程教学改革研究——以《特殊儿童诊断与评估》为例”;2021年度国家社会科学基金“十四五”规划教育学项目“虚拟现实技术辅助盲生定向行走训练的干预研究(BBA210034)”阶段性成果。

摘　　要：基于标准的教育改革盛行于美国,不仅针对普通教育,对特殊教育也造成了较大的冲击。这一改革强调为包括残疾儿童在内的所有儿童设立课程标准,并对学校进行评估与问责,使学校教育要促进学生达到课程标准的要求。个别化教育计划是特殊教育的基石,而基于标准的个别化教育计划强调将学生所在年级的课程标准作为制订教育计划的框架,实施基于IEP的教学,力图达到课程标准的要求。这一举措保障了对残疾学生教育的高期望,促进其接受合适、高质量的教育,但是该政策也面临着较大的争议,比如对学生非学业领域的忽视。本研究介绍了美国基于标准个别化教育计划的内涵、法律基础、制定路径,对其优缺点进行了批判性的分析,并根据我国的国情及现实实践提出了相关启示。Standards-based education reform prevails in the United States, which not only aims at general education, but also has a great impact on special education. This reform emphasizes the establishment of curriculum standards for all children, including children with disabilities, and evaluation and accountability of schools to promote students to meet the requirements of curriculum standards. Individualized education plan(IEP) is the cornerstone of special education, and standard-based IEP emphasizes taking students’ curriculum standards as the framework of making education plan, and implements IEP-based teaching to try to meet the requirements of standards. This initiative ensures that the education of students with disabilities also needs to maintain high educational expectations and promote their enjoyment of appropriate and high-quality education, but it also faces major controversies, such as the neglect of students’ non-academic fields. This study introduces the connotation, legal basis and formulation path of standards-based IEP in the United States, and analyzes its advantages and disadvantages. Enlightenment is put forward according to the actual conditions and practice in China.

关 键 词：课程标准 学业标准 个别化教育计划 基于标准IEP 

分 类 号：G769[文化科学—特殊教育学]