教师减负:日本教师工作强度与工作时间制度的改革之路  

The Reduction of Teachers’Burden:The Reform Path of the Work Intensity and Work Hour System of Japanese Teachers

作　　者：樊秀丽[1] 王志燕 FAN Xiuli;WANG Zhiyan(College of Education,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学教育学院,北京100048

出　　处：《比较教育研究》2023年第3期3-14,共12页International and Comparative Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十四五”规划2022年度教育学重大课题“‘双减’背景下基础教育生态系统重构机制研究”(项目编号:VHA220005)。

摘　　要：日本从20世纪70年代就开始了“学校工作方法改革”,以寻求解决教师工作时间长、工作强度大这一问题的对策。日本政府通过制定政策法规、界定教师工作范围、减轻教师过多非教学性工作、对教师“工作时间”予以法律规制、改革学校组织运作体制和加强对学校可持续环境建设的支持等举措,切实为教师减负。各都、道、府、县教育委员会也积极鼓励各地方公共团体参与学校工作,并依据各地实际情况出台了更为详细的减负措施,通过扩充教师队伍、引入综合型校务支持系统、建立多元化助学新机制、实行健康时间管理等具体措施减轻教师工作负担。Since the 1970s,Japan has initiated the"reform of school working methods"for the purpose of seeking solutions to the problem of teachers long-term and intense work.The Japan government has formulated policies and regulations to propose some measures,such as defining the scope of teachers’work,alleviating teachers’excessive non-teaching work,legally regulating teachers’"working hours",reforming the school organization and operation system,enhancing the support for the sustainable environment construction of schools and so on,so the reduction of teachers’burden can become possible.The Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology of Japan,the education committees of all prefectures and counties have fully played the participation of local public organizations,and issued more detailed measures to reduce the burden in line with the actual situation of each region.The concrete measures such as the expanding of the teaching staff,introducting ICT comprehensive school affairs support system,establishing of a new diversified student aid system,implementating healthy time management and so on are adopted to alleviate teachers’work.

关 键 词：日本教师 工作强度 教师减负 工作时间制度 

分 类 号：G659[文化科学—教育学]