红曲色素的生物活性及其作用机制研究进展  

Advances in research on the biological activity and action mechanism of Monascus pigments

作　　者：玛合沙提·努尔江 包天雨 张添琪 刘畅[1] 王旭[1] 夏秀芳[1] NUERJIANG Maheshati;BAO Tianyu;ZHANG Tianqi;LIU Chang;WANG Xu;XIA Xiufang(College of Food Science,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学食品学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《食品与发酵工业》2023年第6期347-356,共10页Food and Fermentation Industries

基　　金：东北农业大学“青年才俊”项目(19QC28);黑龙江省博士后资助项目(LBH-Z21042)。

摘　　要：红曲色素是红曲霉菌代谢产生的聚酮类次级代谢产物,作为天然着色剂广泛应用于肉类食品、化妆品和纺织行业。因含有羟基、醚键、羰基等官能团和共轭结构,其具有降血脂、抗氧化、降血糖、抗阿尔兹海默症等功能特性,已成为开发功能保健食品和药品的新热点。该文概述了红曲色素的组成、物理化学特性、生物合成途径;分析了红曲色素结构特性与生物活性之间的关系。重点综述了红曲色素功能特性机制:红曲色素可以通过降低体内脂类物质的合成、提高血清中高密度脂蛋白、降低低密度脂蛋白和改善肠道菌群组成4个途径达到降血脂的功能特性;红曲色素可以清除体内活性自由基,抑制脂质过氧化,表现出高抗氧化活性;其作用在胰腺、肝脏、脂肪和骨骼肌组织,通过PPARγ和Nrf2通路,保护胰岛β细胞、促进胰岛素分泌、增加靶细胞对胰岛素敏感性,达到降血糖效果;红曲色素还通过减少Tau蛋白磷酸化和Aβ蓄积来发挥抗阿尔兹海默症的作用效果,为红曲色素功能特性深入挖掘和综合开发利用提供理论支撑。Monascus pigments are the secondary metabolite with a polyketide structure of Monascus species,which have been widely used in meat,cosmetics,and textile industries as a natural colorant.Because it contains special conjugated structures and functional groups(hydroxyl,ether bond,carbonyl,etc.),it possesses functional properties on hypolipidemia,anti-oxidation,hypoglycemia,and anti-Alzheimer's disease.It has become a new hot spot to develop functional foods and drugs and explore its mechanism.The composition,biochemical properties,biosynthetic pathway,and structural characteristics of Monascus pigments were summarized in this paper.At the same time,it also focused on revealing the hypolipidemic activity of Monascus pigments by increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels,reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels,improving the composition of intestinal flora,and increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria.The high antioxidant activity was exhibited by removing active free radicals in the body and inhibiting lipid peroxidation.Monascus pigments could achieve the effect of hypoglycemia by protecting pancreaticβ-cells,promoting insulin secretion,and increasing the sensitivity of target cells to insulin in the pancreas,liver,adipose,and skeletal muscle tissues,through the PPARγand Nrf2 pathways.The anti-Alzheimer′s disease effect of Monascus pigments and its mechanism was revealed by reducing Tau phosphorylation and Aβaccumulation.Therefore,the review can provide theoretical support for the deep excavation and comprehensive utilization of Monascus pigments.

关 键 词：红曲色素 生物活性 结构特性 作用机制 

分 类 号：TS264.4[轻工技术与工程—发酵工程]