论熊十力的哲学观与儒学观  

On Xiong Shili's Views of Philosophy and Confucianism

作　　者：吴震[1] Wu Zhen(School of Philosophy,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院,上海200433

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期54-65,共12页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金重大项目“多卷本《宋明理学史新编》”(项目批准号:17ZDA013)的研究成果。

摘　　要：何为哲学?何为儒学?对此问题的基本看法构成了熊十力的哲学观和儒学观。以体用论重建本体论,是熊氏哲学最重要的原创性贡献,而“哲学只有本体论”的哲学观乃是熊氏哲学的原点。熊氏指出西方哲学将本体抽象为现象之外的“独存”,使本体和现象被割裂为“两重世界”。与此不同,中国哲学是不离“发用”而反求实证本体的哲学,故是一种可以避免重蹈西方哲学孤悬本体之覆辙的“真哲学”。他认为中国哲学既重反求实证又“不遗理智思辨”,故中国哲学“当为哲学正宗”。尽管中西哲学各有所长,但未来哲学应将西哲重思辨与中哲重实践的意趣加以结合,发展出“融思辨以入体认”的“新哲学”。这些观点表明熊十力的哲学观与其儒学观有密切关联。熊氏儒学观反映了其对中国传统文化的基本态度,并成为熊氏哲学建构的原动力。中晚期熊氏的著作《读经示要》和《原儒》对以孔子儒学为代表的传统文化作了整体考察,虽然某些具体观点不免逸出了学术史的历史范围,然而他面对近代中国的制度和文化的双重危机,意在力挽中华文化将倾之危局,通过由历史以见价值、由价值反显历史的方法,提出儒学始终是“一个仁的系统”的重要观点,对传统文化作了充分的价值肯定,显示出其哲学的时代性以及文化自觉意识。熊氏的哲学观和儒学观对于当今重建中国哲学具有重要的启发意义。What is philosophy?What is Confucianism?How to answer these two questions constitutes Xiong Shili's views of philosophy and Confucianism.The theory of body and function reconstructing the theory of ontology is the most important original contribution made by Xiong Shili's philosophy,and the view“philosophy is only based on the theory of ontology”is the original point of Xiong Shili's views of philosophy.Xiong Shili pointed out that Western philosophy transformed ontology into“independent existence”beyond phenomenon,which divided ontology and phenomenon into a“dual world.”However,Chinese philosophy depends on“function”and seeks empirical ontology;it is“true philosophy”that can avoid falling into the old trap.He believed Chinese philosophy focuses on seeking empirical evidence and“rational speculation”as well,and thus Chinese philosophy should be“the orthodox school of philosophy.”Although Chinese and Western philosophies have their own points,future philosophy should combine the speculation of Western philosophy with the practice of Chinese philosophy,so as to develop“new philosophy”integrating speculation into embodied cognition.These viewpoints show that Xiong Shili's view of philosophy is closely related to his view of Confucianism.His view of Confucianism shows his basic attitude towards traditional Chinese culture,which had become the prime power of his view of philosophy.His works Dujing Shiyao and Yuanru,which were written in his middle and older age,explored the traditional Chinese culture represented by Confucianism as a whole.Although some of his specific viewpoints lie beyond the historical scope of academic history.However,facing the double crises of modern China's institutions and culture,he aimed at making vigorous efforts to save them from the dangerous situation.He pointed out that Confucianism was“a system of benevolence”by combining history with values,which fully confirmed the value of traditional culture and revealed the contemporaneity of philosophy and the

关 键 词：熊十力 哲学观 儒学观 体用论 本体论 仁体论 

分 类 号：B261[哲学宗教—中国哲学]