新西兰毛利语言教育改革与实践  

Reform and Practice of Māori Language Education in New Zealand

作　　者：党宝宝[1] 祁生琴 DANG Bao-bao;QI Sheng-qin(Northwest Ethnic Education Development Research Center,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学西北少数民族教育发展研究中心,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《民族高等教育研究》2023年第2期41-47,共7页Research on Higher Education of Nationalities

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“文化生态视野下藏族中学生理科学业成就的影响机制研究”(项目编号:19YJC880015);甘肃省哲学社会科学规划项目“甘肃藏区加快推进国家通用语言文字教育的保障机制研究”(项目编号:20YB042);西北师大2021年度青年教师科研能力提升计划(项目编号:NWNU-SKQN2021-16)。

摘　　要：语言是国家认同建构的重要媒介,具有重要政治、经济、文化和教育价值,如何保护语言,成了多民族国家面临的重要问题。本文以新西兰毛利语言为例,分析了毛利语教育的实践改革是如何促进毛利语发展的。18世纪英国殖民时期,新西兰被迫奉行同化政策致使英语为尊,毛利语迅速衰退;19世纪后半叶,毛利语作为官方语言得以确立,其语言地位不断得到巩固;进入21世纪,毛利教育事业高速发展,受众范围不断扩大。为振兴毛利语言和毛利教育事业,新西兰基础教育实践中,通过确立毛利版国家课程实施方案与毛利教育标准;设立专项基金和研究项目,促进职前职后毛利语教师专业发展;重视毛利学生的核心素养与综合能力提升,不断缩小毛利族与其他族群间的教育差距。Language is an important medium for the construction of national identity and has important politi⁃cal,economic,cultural,and educational values,so how to protect national languages has become an important is⁃sue for multi-ethnic countries.This paper takes the Māori language in New Zealand as an example and analyzes how the practical reform of Māori language education has promoted the development of the Māori language.Dur⁃ing the British colonial period in the 18th century,New Zealand was forced to pursue an assimilation policy,which made English the most respected language,and the Māori language declined rapidly;in the second half of the 19th century,Māori language was established as an official language,and its language status was continuous⁃ly consolidated;in the 21st century,Māori education has developed rapidly,the scope of the audience continues to expand.In order to revitalize the Māori language and Māori education,in the practice of basic education in New Zealand,through the establishment of the Māori version of the national curriculum implementation plan and Māori education standards;the establishment of special funds and research projects to promote the professional development of pre-service and post-service Māori language teachers;pay attention to the core literacy and com⁃prehensive ability of Māori students,and continue to narrow the gap between Māori and other ethnic groups.

关 键 词：新西兰 毛利语 语言教育政策 基础教育改革 

分 类 号：G53[文化科学—教育学] G57[文化科学—教育技术学]