中晚明心学的“生之谓性”诠释——兼论阳明心学的人性论特质及其嬗变  

Interpretation of“Life Is Nature”(Sheng Zhi Wei Xing)in the Philosophy of the Mind in Middle and Late Ming Dynasty

作　　者：石霞 SHI Xia(Advanced Institute for Confucian Studies,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒学高等研究院,济南250100

出　　处：《山东青年政治学院学报》2023年第4期31-37,共7页Journal of Shandong Youth University of Political Science

摘　　要：阳明继承了明道性气、形上形下一体浑融的思维方式,对“生之谓性”进行了价值重估。一方面以“气”释“生”,将“气”直接置入心性论领域之中加以定位,在肯定本源善性“气上始见”的基础上,对“生”的问题作出了正面积极的肯定。另一方面,重视“性之生理”,认为人的现实生存活动造就人的规定性,强调良知具有动态生成性内涵而非一悬置的抽象、静态本体。如此一来,阳明很好地解决了生命实存与道德超越之间的内在关联问题,建立起了主客一贯、一体浑融的心性之学。然而阳明后学却误解了“生之谓性”作为诠释“性”的原则的真实意蕴,落实到人性具体内容的理解上割裂了性与气在生成现实人性上的内在统一性,执着于良知性体静态的先验永恒性,而忽略了良知的动态生成性内涵,以至于玄想、孤立良知心体,最终导致道德理性与行动践履的割裂,产生了“以生言性”“以自然为宗”的流弊。这不仅仅是“人病”,更是基于哲学形上思路的阳明后学之“法病”。Wang Yangming inherited the thinking mode of mingling nature and Qi,and reappraised the value of"Sheng Zhi Wei Xing".On the one hand,"Qi"releases"Sheng"(life),positioning"Qi"directly into the field of mind-nature theory,and on the basis of affirming that original goodness can be recognized by means of Qi,it makes a positive affirmation to the problem of"Sheng".On the other hand,it attaches great importance to the"life-giving generativity of nature",holds that human’s actual living activities make human’s stipulation,and emphasizes that conscience has dynamic generative connotation rather than a suspended abstract and static noumenon.In this way,Wang Yangming has solved the problem of the inner relation between existence and moral transcendence,and established the theory of mind nature with the consistency of subject and object.However,Wang Yangming’s disciples misunderstood the true meaning of"Sheng Zhi Wei Xing",and separated the inner unity of human nature and Qi in generating realistic human nature.They insisted on the static transcendental eternity of conscience and ignored the dynamic generative connotation of conscience,so that they had a mysterious and isolated conscience.Finally,it led to the separation of moral rationality and moral practice,resulting in the malady of regarding life-giving nature as man’s inherent character.

关 键 词：生之谓性 阳明心学 人性论 生生 

分 类 号：B248.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]